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SQLite – Java
2022-02-18 15:41 更新
安裝
在 Java 程序中使用 SQLite 之前，我們需要確保機(jī)器上已經(jīng)有 SQLite JDBC Driver 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序和 Java。可以查看 Java 教程了解如何在計(jì)算機(jī)上安裝 Java?，F(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)看看如何在機(jī)器上安裝 SQLite JDBC 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序。
從 sqlite-jdbc 庫(kù)下載 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar 的最新版本。
在您的 class 路徑中添加下載的 jar 文件 sqlite-jdbc-(VERSION).jar，或者在 -classpath 選項(xiàng)中使用它，這將在后面的實(shí)例中進(jìn)行講解。
在學(xué)習(xí)下面部分的知識(shí)之前，您必須對(duì) Java JDBC 概念有初步了解。如果您還未了解相關(guān)知識(shí)，那么建議您可以先花半個(gè)小時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)下 JDBC 教程相關(guān)知識(shí)，這將有助于您學(xué)習(xí)接下來(lái)講解的知識(shí)。
連接數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)
下面的 Java 程序顯示了如何連接到一個(gè)現(xiàn)有的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不存在，那么它就會(huì)被創(chuàng)建，最后將返回一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象。
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
}
}
現(xiàn)在，讓我們來(lái)編譯和運(yùn)行上面的程序，在當(dāng)前目錄中創(chuàng)建我們的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) test.db。您可以根據(jù)需要改變路徑。我們假設(shè)當(dāng)前路徑下可用的 JDBC 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序的版本是 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar。
$javac SQLiteJDBC.java $java -classpath ".:sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC Open database successfully
如果您想要使用 Windows 機(jī)器，可以按照下列所示編譯和運(yùn)行您的代碼：
$javac SQLiteJDBC.java $java -classpath ".;sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar" SQLiteJDBC Opened database successfully
創(chuàng)建表
下面的 Java 程序?qū)⒂糜谠谙惹皠?chuàng)建的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表：
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
"(ID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL," +
" NAME TEXT NOT NULL, " +
" AGE INT NOT NULL, " +
" ADDRESS CHAR(50), " +
" SALARY REAL)";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Table created successfully");
}
}
上述程序編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會(huì)在 test.db 中創(chuàng)建 COMPANY 表，最終文件列表如下所示：
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3201128 Jan 22 19:04 sqlite-jdbc-3.7.2.jar -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1506 May 8 05:43 SQLiteJDBC.class -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 832 May 8 05:42 SQLiteJDBC.java -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3072 May 8 05:43 test.db
INSERT 操作
下面的 Java 代碼顯示了如何在上面創(chuàng)建的 COMPANY 表中創(chuàng)建記錄：
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) " +
"VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
stmt.close();
c.commit();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Records created successfully");
}
}
上述程序編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會(huì)在 COMPANY 表中創(chuàng)建給定記錄，并會(huì)顯示以下兩行：
Opened database successfully Records created successfully
SELECT 操作
下面的 Java 程序顯示了如何從前面創(chuàng)建的 COMPANY 表中獲取并顯示記錄：
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
上述程序編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：
Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully
UPDATE 操作
下面的 Java 代碼顯示了如何使用 UPDATE 語(yǔ)句來(lái)更新任何記錄，然后從 COMPANY 表中獲取并顯示更新的記錄：
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
上述程序編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：
Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 2 NAME = Allen AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Texas SALARY = 15000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully
DELETE 操作
下面的 Java 代碼顯示了如何使用 DELETE 語(yǔ)句刪除任何記錄，然后從 COMPANY 表中獲取并顯示剩余的記錄：
import java.sql.*;
public class SQLiteJDBC
{
public static void main( String args[] )
{
Connection c = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
Class.forName("org.sqlite.JDBC");
c = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:test.db");
c.setAutoCommit(false);
System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
stmt = c.createStatement();
String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
c.commit();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
while ( rs.next() ) {
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String address = rs.getString("address");
float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
System.out.println();
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
c.close();
} catch ( Exception e ) {
System.err.println( e.getClass().getName() + ": " + e.getMessage() );
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
}
}
上述程序編譯和執(zhí)行時(shí)，它會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：
Opened database successfully ID = 1 NAME = Paul AGE = 32 ADDRESS = California SALARY = 25000.0 ID = 3 NAME = Teddy AGE = 23 ADDRESS = Norway SALARY = 20000.0 ID = 4 NAME = Mark AGE = 25 ADDRESS = Rich-Mond SALARY = 65000.0 Operation done successfully
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