>>> from collections import deque
>>> queue = deque(["Eric", "John", "Michael"])
>>> queue.append("Terry") # Terry arrives>>> queue.append("Graham") # Graham arrives>>> queue.popleft() # The first to arrive now leaves'Eric'>>> queue.popleft() # The second to arrive now leaves'John'>>> queue # Remaining queue in order of arrival
deque(['Michael', 'Terry', 'Graham'])
>>> freshfruit = [' banana', ' loganberry ', 'passion fruit ']
>>> [weapon.strip() for weapon in freshfruit]
['banana', 'loganberry', 'passion fruit']
我們可以用 if 子句作為過濾器:
>>> [3*x for x in vec if x > 3]
[12, 18]
>>> [3*x for x in vec if x < 2] []
以下是一些關于循環(huán)和其它技巧的演示:
>>> vec1 = [2, 4, 6]
>>> vec2 = [4, 3, -9]
>>> [x*y for x in vec1 for y in vec2]
[8, 6, -18, 16, 12, -36, 24, 18, -54]
>>> [x+y for x in vec1 for y in vec2]
[6, 5, -7, 8, 7, -5, 10, 9, -3]
>>> [vec1[i]*vec2[i] for i in range(len(vec1))]
[8, 12, -54]
列表推導式可以使用復雜表達式或嵌套函數(shù):
>>> [str(round(355/113, i)) for i in range(1, 6)]
['3.1', '3.14', '3.142', '3.1416', '3.14159']
>>> basket = {'apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana'}
>>> print(basket) # show that duplicates have been removed
{'orange', 'banana', 'pear', 'apple'}
>>> 'orange'in basket # fast membership testingTrue>>> 'crabgrass'in basket
False>>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words
...
>>> a = set('abracadabra')
>>> b = set('alacazam')
>>> a # unique letters in a
{'a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'}
>>> a - b # letters in a but not in b
{'r', 'd', 'b'}
>>> a | b # letters in either a or b
{'a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}
>>> a & b # letters in both a and b
{'a', 'c'}
>>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both
{'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'}
集合也支持推導式:
>>> a = {x for x in'abracadabra'if x notin'abc'}
>>> a
{'r', 'd'}
>>> knights = {'gallahad': 'the pure', 'robin': 'the brave'}
>>> for k, v in knights.items():
... print(k, v)
...
gallahad the pure
robin the brave
在序列中遍歷時,索引位置和對應值可以使用 enumerate() 函數(shù)同時得到:
>>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):
... print(i, v)
...
0 tic
1 tac
2 toe
同時遍歷兩個或更多的序列,可以使用 zip() 組合:
>>> questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']
>>> answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']
>>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):
... print('What is your {0}? It is {1}.'.format(q, a))
...
What is your name? It is lancelot.
What is your quest? It is the holy grail.
What is your favorite color? It is blue.
要反向遍歷一個序列,首先指定這個序列,然后調(diào)用 reversed() 函數(shù):
>>> for i in reversed(range(1, 10, 2)):
... print(i)
...
97531
要按順序遍歷一個序列,使用 sorted() 函數(shù)返回一個已排序的序列,并不修改原值:
>>> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']
>>> for f in sorted(set(basket)):
... print(f)
...
apple
banana
orange
pear
更多建議: