Linux命令 fdisk - 查看磁盤使用情況和磁盤分區(qū)

2021-11-10 10:05 更新

fdisk

查看磁盤使用情況和磁盤分區(qū)

補充說明

fdisk命令 用于觀察硬盤實體使用情況,也可對硬盤分區(qū)。它采用傳統(tǒng)的問答式界面,而非類似DOS fdisk的cfdisk互動式操作界面,因此在使用上較為不便,但功能卻絲毫不打折扣。

語法

fdisk(選項)(參數(shù))

選項

 -b <大小>             扇區(qū)大小(512、1024、2048或4096)
 -c[=<模式>]           兼容模式:“dos”或“nondos”(默認)
 -h                    打印此幫助文本
 -u[=<單位>]           顯示單位:“cylinders”(柱面)或“sectors”(扇區(qū),默認)
 -v                    打印程序版本
 -C <數(shù)字>             指定柱面數(shù)
 -H <數(shù)字>             指定磁頭數(shù)
 -S <數(shù)字>             指定每個磁道的扇區(qū)數(shù)

參數(shù)

設備文件:指定要進行分區(qū)或者顯示分區(qū)的硬盤設備文件。

實例

首先選擇要進行操作的磁盤:

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

輸入m列出可以執(zhí)行的命令:

command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

輸入p列出磁盤目前的分區(qū)情況:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1           1        8001   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2               2          26      200812+  83  Linux

輸入d然后選擇分區(qū),刪除現(xiàn)有分區(qū):

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2

查看分區(qū)情況,確認分區(qū)已經(jīng)刪除:

Command (m for help): print

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help):

輸入n建立新的磁盤分區(qū),首先建立兩個主磁盤分區(qū):

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p    //建立主分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 1  //分區(qū)號
First cylinder (1-391, default 1):  //分區(qū)起始位置
Using default value 1
last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100  //分區(qū)結(jié)束位置,單位為扇區(qū)

Command (m for help): n  //再建立一個分區(qū)
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p 
Partition number (1-4): 2  //分區(qū)號為2
First cylinder (101-391, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M  //分區(qū)結(jié)束位置,單位為M

確認分區(qū)建立成功:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux

再建立一個邏輯分區(qū):

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e  //選擇擴展分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391):
Using default value 391

確認擴展分區(qū)建立成功:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             126         391     2136645    5  Extended

在擴展分區(qū)上建立兩個邏輯分區(qū):

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l //選擇邏輯分區(qū)
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M    

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (176-391, default 176):
Using default value 176
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):
Using default value 391

確認邏輯分區(qū)建立成功:

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             126         391     2136645    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             126         175      401593+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb6             176         391     1734988+  83  Linux

Command (m for help):

從上面的結(jié)果我們可以看到,在硬盤sdb我們建立了2個主分區(qū)(sdb1,sdb2),1個擴展分區(qū)(sdb3),2個邏輯分區(qū)(sdb5,sdb6)

注意:主分區(qū)和擴展分區(qū)的磁盤號位1-4,也就是說最多有4個主分區(qū)或者擴展分區(qū),邏輯分區(qū)開始的磁盤號為5,因此在這個實驗中試沒有sdb4的。

最后對分區(qū)操作進行保存:

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

建立好分區(qū)之后我們還需要對分區(qū)進行格式化才能在系統(tǒng)中使用磁盤。

在sdb1上建立ext2分區(qū):

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
100576 inodes, 200804 blocks
10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
14368 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840

Writing inode tables: done                           
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

在sdb6上建立ext3分區(qū):

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
217280 inodes, 433747 blocks
21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224
14 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15520 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Writing inode tables: done                           
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]#

建立兩個目錄/oracle和/web,將新建好的兩個分區(qū)掛載到系統(tǒng):

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web

查看分區(qū)掛載情況:

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系統(tǒng)              容量  已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                      6.7G  2.8G  3.6G  44% /
/dev/sda1              99M   12M   82M  13% /boot
tmpfs                 125M     0  125M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1             773M  808K  733M   1% /oracle
/dev/sdb6             1.7G   35M  1.6G   3% /web

如果需要每次開機自動掛載則需要修改/etc/fstab文件,加入兩行配置:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /                       ext3    defaults        1 1
LABEL=/boot             /boot                   ext3    defaults        1 2
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb1               /oracle                 ext2    defaults        0 0
/dev/sdb6               /web                    ext3    defaults        0 0


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