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查看磁盤使用情況和磁盤分區(qū)
fdisk命令 用于觀察硬盤實體使用情況,也可對硬盤分區(qū)。它采用傳統(tǒng)的問答式界面,而非類似DOS fdisk的cfdisk互動式操作界面,因此在使用上較為不便,但功能卻絲毫不打折扣。
fdisk(選項)(參數(shù))
-b <大小> 扇區(qū)大小(512、1024、2048或4096)
-c[=<模式>] 兼容模式:“dos”或“nondos”(默認)
-h 打印此幫助文本
-u[=<單位>] 顯示單位:“cylinders”(柱面)或“sectors”(扇區(qū),默認)
-v 打印程序版本
-C <數(shù)字> 指定柱面數(shù)
-H <數(shù)字> 指定磁頭數(shù)
-S <數(shù)字> 指定每個磁道的扇區(qū)數(shù)
設備文件:指定要進行分區(qū)或者顯示分區(qū)的硬盤設備文件。
首先選擇要進行操作的磁盤:
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
輸入m列出可以執(zhí)行的命令:
command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
輸入p列出磁盤目前的分區(qū)情況:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1 8001 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 2 26 200812+ 83 Linux
輸入d然后選擇分區(qū),刪除現(xiàn)有分區(qū):
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2
查看分區(qū)情況,確認分區(qū)已經(jīng)刪除:
Command (m for help): print
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help):
輸入n建立新的磁盤分區(qū),首先建立兩個主磁盤分區(qū):
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p //建立主分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 1 //分區(qū)號
First cylinder (1-391, default 1): //分區(qū)起始位置
Using default value 1
last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100 //分區(qū)結(jié)束位置,單位為扇區(qū)
Command (m for help): n //再建立一個分區(qū)
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2 //分區(qū)號為2
First cylinder (101-391, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M //分區(qū)結(jié)束位置,單位為M
確認分區(qū)建立成功:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
再建立一個邏輯分區(qū):
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e //選擇擴展分區(qū)
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391):
Using default value 391
確認擴展分區(qū)建立成功:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended
在擴展分區(qū)上建立兩個邏輯分區(qū):
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l //選擇邏輯分區(qū)
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M
Command (m for help): n
Command action
l logical (5 or over)
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (176-391, default 176):
Using default value 176
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):
Using default value 391
確認邏輯分區(qū)建立成功:
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 100 803218+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 101 125 200812+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb3 126 391 2136645 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 126 175 401593+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 176 391 1734988+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
從上面的結(jié)果我們可以看到,在硬盤sdb我們建立了2個主分區(qū)(sdb1,sdb2),1個擴展分區(qū)(sdb3),2個邏輯分區(qū)(sdb5,sdb6)
注意:主分區(qū)和擴展分區(qū)的磁盤號位1-4,也就是說最多有4個主分區(qū)或者擴展分區(qū),邏輯分區(qū)開始的磁盤號為5,因此在這個實驗中試沒有sdb4的。
最后對分區(qū)操作進行保存:
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
建立好分區(qū)之后我們還需要對分區(qū)進行格式化才能在系統(tǒng)中使用磁盤。
在sdb1上建立ext2分區(qū):
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
100576 inodes, 200804 blocks
10040 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=209715200
7 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
14368 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840
Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
在sdb6上建立ext3分區(qū):
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb6
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
217280 inodes, 433747 blocks
21687 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=444596224
14 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
15520 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 32 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@localhost ~]#
建立兩個目錄/oracle和/web,將新建好的兩個分區(qū)掛載到系統(tǒng):
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /web
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /oracle
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb6 /web
查看分區(qū)掛載情況:
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
文件系統(tǒng) 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
6.7G 2.8G 3.6G 44% /
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 125M 0 125M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 773M 808K 733M 1% /oracle
/dev/sdb6 1.7G 35M 1.6G 3% /web
如果需要每次開機自動掛載則需要修改/etc/fstab文件,加入兩行配置:
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /oracle ext2 defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb6 /web ext3 defaults 0 0
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