Linux命令 ip - 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置工具

ip

網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置工具

補(bǔ)充說明

ip命令 用來顯示或操縱Linux主機(jī)的路由、網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備、策略路由和隧道，是Linux下較新的功能強(qiáng)大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置工具。

語法

ip(選項(xiàng))(參數(shù))
Usage: ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }
       ip [ -force ] -batch filename

選項(xiàng)

OBJECT := { link | address | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable |
       tunnel | tuntap | maddress | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm |
       netns | l2tp | macsec | tcp_metrics | token }
       
-V：顯示指令版本信息；
-s：輸出更詳細(xì)的信息；
-f：強(qiáng)制使用指定的協(xié)議族；
-4：指定使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議是IPv4協(xié)議；
-6：指定使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)層協(xié)議是IPv6協(xié)議；
-0：輸出信息每條記錄輸出一行，即使內(nèi)容較多也不換行顯示；
-r：顯示主機(jī)時(shí)，不使用IP地址，而使用主機(jī)的域名。

參數(shù)

OPTIONS := { -V[ersion] | -s[tatistics] | -d[etails] | -r[esolve] |
        -h[uman-readable] | -iec |
        -f[amily] { inet | inet6 | ipx | dnet | bridge | link } |
        -4 | -6 | -I | -D | -B | -0 |
        -l[oops] { maximum-addr-flush-attempts } |
        -o[neline] | -t[imestamp] | -ts[hort] | -b[atch] [filename] |
        -rc[vbuf] [size] | -n[etns] name | -a[ll] }
        
網(wǎng)絡(luò)對象：指定要管理的網(wǎng)絡(luò)對象；
具體操作：對指定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)對象完成具體操作；
help：顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)對象支持的操作命令的幫助信息。

實(shí)例

ip link show                     # 顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口信息
ip link set eth0 up             # 開啟網(wǎng)卡
ip link set eth0 down            # 關(guān)閉網(wǎng)卡
ip link set eth0 promisc on      # 開啟網(wǎng)卡的混合模式
ip link set eth0 promisc offi    # 關(guān)閉網(wǎng)卡的混個(gè)模式
ip link set eth0 txqueuelen 1200 # 設(shè)置網(wǎng)卡隊(duì)列長度
ip link set eth0 mtu 1400        # 設(shè)置網(wǎng)卡最大傳輸單元
ip addr show     # 顯示網(wǎng)卡IP信息
ip addr add 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 設(shè)置eth0網(wǎng)卡IP地址192.168.0.1
ip addr del 192.168.0.1/24 dev eth0 # 刪除eth0網(wǎng)卡IP地址

ip route show # 顯示系統(tǒng)路由
ip route add default via 192.168.1.254   # 設(shè)置系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)路由
ip route list                 # 查看路由信息
ip route add 192.168.4.0/24  via  192.168.0.254 dev eth0 # 設(shè)置192.168.4.0網(wǎng)段的網(wǎng)關(guān)為192.168.0.254,數(shù)據(jù)走eth0接口
ip route add default via  192.168.0.254  dev eth0        # 設(shè)置默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)為192.168.0.254
ip route del 192.168.4.0/24   # 刪除192.168.4.0網(wǎng)段的網(wǎng)關(guān)
ip route del default          # 刪除默認(rèn)路由
ip route delete 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 # 刪除路由

用ip命令顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)

[root@localhost ~]# ip link list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

顯示更加詳細(xì)的設(shè)備信息

[root@localhost ~]# ip -s link list
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
    5082831    56145    0       0       0       0      
    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
    5082831    56145    0       0       0       0      
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:51 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
    3641655380 62027099 0       0       0       0      
    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
    6155236    89160    0       0       0       0      
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:16:3e:00:1e:52 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   
    2562136822 488237847 0       0       0       0      
    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns
    3486617396 9691081  0       0       0       0     

顯示核心路由表

[root@localhost ~]# ip route list 
112.124.12.0/22 dev eth1  proto kernel  scope link  src 112.124.15.130
10.160.0.0/20 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 10.160.7.81
192.168.0.0/16 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
172.16.0.0/12 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
10.0.0.0/8 via 10.160.15.247 dev eth0
default via 112.124.15.247 dev eth1

顯示鄰居表

[root@localhost ~]# ip neigh list
112.124.15.247 dev eth1 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f3:88 REACHABLE
10.160.15.247 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:9f:f2:c0 STALE

獲取主機(jī)所有網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口

ip link | grep -E '^[0-9]' | awk -F: '{print $2}'