本指南將會指導(dǎo)你配置 Electron 應(yīng)用為 特定協(xié)議 的默認(rèn)處理器。
通過此教程,您會掌握如何設(shè)置您的應(yīng)用以攔截并處理任意特定協(xié)議的URL的點擊事件。 在本指南中,我們假定這個協(xié)議名為“electron-fiddle://
”。
主進程(main.js)
首先,我們需要從electron
導(dǎo)入所需的模塊。 這些模塊有助于控制應(yīng)用的生命周期,或創(chuàng)建原生的瀏覽器窗口。
const { app, BrowserWindow, shell } = require('electron')
const path = require('path')
其次,我們將應(yīng)用注冊為“electron-fiddle://
”協(xié)議的處理器。
if (process.defaultApp) {
if (process.argv.length >= 2) {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle', process.execPath, [path.resolve(process.argv[1])])
}
} else {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle')
}
現(xiàn)在我們定義負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)建瀏覽器窗口的函數(shù),并加載應(yīng)用的 index.html
文件。
const createWindow = () => {
// 創(chuàng)建瀏覽器窗口
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
webPreferences: {
preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js')
}
})
mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
}
緊接著,我們將創(chuàng)建 BrowserWindow
并在應(yīng)用中定義如何處理此外部協(xié)議被點擊的事件。
與 MacOS 或 Linux 不同,在 Windows 下需要其他的代碼。 這是因為在 Windows 中需要特別處理在同一個 Electron 實例中打開的協(xié)議的內(nèi)容。
Windows 下代碼:
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
if (!gotTheLock) {
app.quit()
} else {
app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory) => {
// 用戶正在嘗試運行第二個實例,我們需要讓焦點指向我們的窗口
if (mainWindow) {
if (mainWindow.isMinimized()) mainWindow.restore()
mainWindow.focus()
}
})
// 創(chuàng)建 mainWindow,加載其他資源,等等……
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow()
})
// 處理協(xié)議。 在本例中,我們選擇顯示一個錯誤提示對話框。
app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
dialog.showErrorBox('歡迎回來', `導(dǎo)向自: ${url}`)
})
}
MacOS 與 Linux 下代碼:
// Electron 在完成初始化,并準(zhǔn)備創(chuàng)建瀏覽器窗口時,
// 會調(diào)用這個方法。
// 部分 API 在 ready 事件觸發(fā)后才能使用。
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow()
})
// 處理協(xié)議 在本例中,我們選擇顯示一個錯誤提示對話框。
app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
dialog.showErrorBox('歡迎回來', `導(dǎo)向自: ${url}`)
})
最后,我們還需要處理應(yīng)用的關(guān)閉事件。
// 在除 MacOS 的其他平臺上,當(dāng)所有窗口關(guān)閉后,退出當(dāng)前應(yīng)用。 在 MacOS 上,
// 應(yīng)用及其菜單欄通常會保持活躍狀態(tài),
// 直到用戶明確按下 Cmd + Q 退出應(yīng)用
app.on('window-all-closed', () => {
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})
重要提醒:?
打包
在 macOS 和 Linux 上,此功能僅在應(yīng)用打包后才有效。 在命令行啟動的開發(fā)版中無效。 當(dāng)您打包應(yīng)用程序時,你需要確保應(yīng)用程序的 macOS Info.plist
和 Linux .desktop
文件已更新以包含新的協(xié)議處理程序。 一些綁定和分發(fā)應(yīng)用程序的 Electron 工具會自動為你處理
Electron Forge
如果您使用 Electron Forge,請調(diào)整 macOS 支持的 packagerConfig
,以及適當(dāng)調(diào)整 Linux 制造商的 Linux 支持配置,在 Forge 配置 (請注意以下示例僅顯示添加配置時所需更改的最低值) :
{
"config": {
"forge": {
"packagerConfig": {
"protocols": [
{
"name": "Electron Fiddle",
"schemes": ["electron-fiddle"]
}
]
},
"makers": [
{
"name": "@electron-forge/maker-deb",
"config": {
"mimeType": ["x-scheme-handler/electron-fiddle"]
}
}
]
}
}
}
Electron Packager?
對于 macOS 支持:
如果您正在使用 Electron Packager 的 API,添加對協(xié)議處理程序的支持類似于 Electron Forge 的處理方式, 其他 protocols
是傳遞到 packager
函數(shù)的 Packager 選項的一部分。
const packager = require('electron-packager')
packager({
// ...other options...
protocols: [
{
name: 'Electron Fiddle',
schemes: ['electron-fiddle']
}
]
}).then(paths => console.log(`SUCCESS: Created ${paths.join(', ')}`))
.catch(err => console.error(`ERROR: ${err.message}`))
如果您使用 Electron Packager 的 CLI,請使用 --protocol
和 --protocol-name
標(biāo)志。 例如:
npx electron-packager . --protocol=electron-fiddle --protocol-name="Electron Fiddle"
結(jié)論
啟動 Electron 應(yīng)用后,在瀏覽器內(nèi)鍵入包含該自定義協(xié)議的 URL,如 "electron-fiddle://open"
,觀察應(yīng)用是否正確響應(yīng)并顯示一個錯誤提示對話框。
main.js |
preload.js |
index.html |
renderer.js |
// Modules to control application life and create native browser window
const { app, BrowserWindow, ipcMain, shell, dialog } = require('electron')
const path = require('path')
let mainWindow;
if (process.defaultApp) {
if (process.argv.length >= 2) {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle', process.execPath, [path.resolve(process.argv[1])])
}
} else {
app.setAsDefaultProtocolClient('electron-fiddle')
}
const gotTheLock = app.requestSingleInstanceLock()
if (!gotTheLock) {
app.quit()
} else {
app.on('second-instance', (event, commandLine, workingDirectory) => {
// Someone tried to run a second instance, we should focus our window.
if (mainWindow) {
if (mainWindow.isMinimized()) mainWindow.restore()
mainWindow.focus()
}
})
// Create mainWindow, load the rest of the app, etc...
app.whenReady().then(() => {
createWindow()
})
app.on('open-url', (event, url) => {
dialog.showErrorBox('Welcome Back', `You arrived from: ${url}`)
})
}
function createWindow () {
// Create the browser window.
mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
width: 800,
height: 600,
webPreferences: {
preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
}
})
mainWindow.loadFile('index.html')
}
// Quit when all windows are closed, except on macOS. There, it's common
// for applications and their menu bar to stay active until the user quits
// explicitly with Cmd + Q.
app.on('window-all-closed', function () {
if (process.platform !== 'darwin') app.quit()
})
// Handle window controls via IPC
ipcMain.on('shell:open', () => {
const pageDirectory = __dirname.replace('app.asar', 'app.asar.unpacked')
const pagePath = path.join('file://', pageDirectory, 'index.html')
shell.openExternal(pagePath)
})
|
// All of the Node.js APIs are available in the preload process.
// It has the same sandbox as a Chrome extension.
const { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } = require('electron')
// Set up context bridge between the renderer process and the main process
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld(
'shell',
{
open: () => ipcRenderer.send('shell:open'),
}
)
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<!-- https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CSP -->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
<meta http-equiv="X-Content-Security-Policy" content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">
<title>app.setAsDefaultProtocol Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>App Default Protocol Demo</h1>
<p>The protocol API allows us to register a custom protocol and intercept existing protocol requests.</p>
<p>These methods allow you to set and unset the protocols your app should be the default app for. Similar to when a
browser asks to be your default for viewing web pages.</p>
<p>Open the <a rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" >full protocol API documentation</a> in your
browser.</p>
-----
<h3>Demo</h3>
<p>
First: Launch current page in browser
<button id="open-in-browser" class="js-container-target demo-toggle-button">
Click to Launch Browser
</button>
</p>
<p>
Then: Launch the app from a web link!
<a href="electron-fiddle://open" rel="external nofollow" target="_blank" >Click here to launch the app</a>
</p>
----
<p>You can set your app as the default app to open for a specific protocol. For instance, in this demo we set this app
as the default for <code>electron-fiddle://</code>. The demo button above will launch a page in your default
browser with a link. Click that link and it will re-launch this app.</p>
<h3>Packaging</h3>
<p>This feature will only work on macOS when your app is packaged. It will not work when you're launching it in
development from the command-line. When you package your app you'll need to make sure the macOS <code>plist</code>
for the app is updated to include the new protocol handler. If you're using <code>electron-packager</code> then you
can add the flag <code>--extend-info</code> with a path to the <code>plist</code> you've created. The one for this
app is below:</p>
<p>
<h5>macOS plist</h5>
<pre><code>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>CFBundleURLTypes</key>
<array>
<dict>
<key>CFBundleURLSchemes</key>
<array>
<string>electron-api-demos</string>
</array>
<key>CFBundleURLName</key>
<string>Electron API Demos Protocol</string>
</dict>
</array>
<key>ElectronTeamID</key>
<string>VEKTX9H2N7</string>
</dict>
</plist>
</code>
</pre>
<p>
<!-- You can also require other files to run in this process -->
<script src="./renderer.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
|
// This file is required by the index.html file and will
// be executed in the renderer process for that window.
// All APIs exposed by the context bridge are available here.
// Binds the buttons to the context bridge API.
document.getElementById('open-in-browser').addEventListener('click', () => {
shell.open();
});
|
docs/fiddles/system/protocol-handler/launch-app-from-URL-in-another-app
Open in Fiddle
更多建議: