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多種CSS3漸變應用方法總結(jié)附實例

2021-10-15 10:47 更新

如下圖所示，在網(wǎng)頁設計中，有時候會需要用到漸變效果，漸變可以創(chuàng)建出類似于彩虹的視覺圖案效果，在沒有CSS3之前，為了顯示一個漸變需要專門制作一個圖片，這種不法不但不靈活還增加請求數(shù)，而CSS3可以輕松實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)頁漸變效果，用于做漸變背景、漸變導航、配合CSS3動畫做特效等。在CSS3中，Gradient（漸變）分為linear-gradient(線性漸變)和radial-gradient(徑向漸變)。CSS顏色線性漸變的語法在各種瀏覽器里的實現(xiàn)稍微有些不同，但最后是統(tǒng)一標準的：

css3漸變

CSS顏色線性漸變的語法

background-image: linear-gradient(<point> || <angle>,]? <stop>, <stop> [, <stop>]*)

第一個參數(shù)是漸變起始點或角。第二個參數(shù)是一種顏色停止點(color stops)。至少需要兩種顏色(起點和終點)，你可以添加任意種顏色來增加顏色漸變的豐富程度。對顏色停止點的定義可以是一種顏色，或一種顏色加一個百分比：

/*  color-stop(percentage/amount, color) */
color-stop(0.20, red)

因為CSS漸變色(Gradients)技術(shù)是CSS3里比較新的技術(shù)，屬于高級的CSS功能，于是每種瀏覽器對這種技術(shù)的實現(xiàn)都添加了一些自己的特色。例如以WebKIt為渲染引擎的谷歌瀏覽器，就對它實現(xiàn)了多種語法。下面的這段代碼基本包括了所有自頂向下顏色漸變的所有情況：

#example1	{
	/* 底色 */
	background-color: #063053;
	/* chrome 2+, safari 4+; multiple color stops */
	background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.32, #063053), color-stop(0.66, #395873), color-stop(0.83, #5c7c99));
	/* chrome 10+, safari 5.1+ */
	background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(#063053, #395873, #5c7c99);
	/* firefox; multiple color stops */
	background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(top,#063053, #395873, #5c7c99);
	/* ie 6+ */
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#063053', endColorstr='#395873');
	/* ie8 + */
	-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#063053', endColorstr='#395873')";
	/* ie10 */
	background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(#063053, #395873, #5c7c99);
	/* opera 11.1 */
	background-image: -o-linear-gradient(#063053, #395873, #5c7c99);
	/* 標準寫法 */
	background-image: linear-gradient(#063053, #395873, #5c7c99);

注意，我們首先設定了一個背景色。這個顏色是在萬一用戶使用的瀏覽器不支持CSS漸變色(Gradients)技術(shù)時使用的顏色。CSS漸變色(Gradients)技術(shù)里還支持帶有角度的漸變方向，而不僅僅只有直上直下或直左直右。我們可以用下面的語法實現(xiàn)它：

#example2	{
	/* fallback */
	background-color:#063053;
	/* chrome 2+, safari 4+; multiple color stops */
	background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, right top, color-stop(0.32, #063053), color-stop(0.66, #395873), color-stop(0.83, #5c7c99));
	/* chrome 10+, safari 5.1+ */
	background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(45deg, #063053, #395873, #5c7c99);
	/* firefox; multiple color stops */
	background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(45deg, #063053, #395873, #5c7c99);
	/* ie10 */
	background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(45deg, #063053 0%, #395873 100%);
	/* opera 11.1 */
	background-image: -o-linear-gradient(45deg, #063053, #395873);
	/* The "standard" */
	background-image: linear-gradient(45deg, #063053, #395873);
}

我們可以做的更復雜些….一個色彩繽紛的CSS顏色漸變？下面我們來做一個彩虹：

/* example 3 - linear rainbow */
#example3	{
	/* fallback */
	background-color:#063053;
	/* chrome 2+, safari 4+; multiple color stops */
	background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear, left bottom, left top, color-stop(0.20, red), color-stop(0.40, green), color-stop(0.6, blue), color-stop(0.8, purple), color-stop(1, orange));
	/* chrome 10+, safari 5.1+ */
	background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(red, green, blue, purple, orange);
	/* firefox; multiple color stops */
	background-image:-moz-linear-gradient(top, red, green, blue, purple, orange);
	/* ie10 */
	background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(red, green, blue, purple, orange);
	/* opera 11.1 */
	background-image: -o-linear-gradient(red, green, blue, purple, orange);
	/* The "standard" */
	background-image: linear-gradient(red, green, blue, purple, orange);
}

關(guān)于IE對CSS顏色漸變技術(shù)的支持做一些說明：在早期IE是使用filter和-ms-filter語法實現(xiàn)漸變色，而最新版的IE里改為了-ms-linear-gradient語法。我們可以使用CSS里條件判斷語句來解決這個問題：

<!--[if lt IE 10]>
<style>
.gradientElement {
	filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#063053', endColorstr='#395873');
	-ms-filter: "progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#063053', endColorstr='#395873')";
}
</style>
<![endif]-->

線性漸變的語法

對象選擇器 {background:-瀏覽器前綴-linear-gradient( 起點方向,起點顏色,終點顏色);}

徑向漸變的語法

對象選擇器 {background:-瀏覽器前綴-radial-gradient( 起點方向,形狀,大小,起點顏色,終點顏色);}

漸變的兼容方法

1、線性漸變

各瀏覽器前綴
(1)Firefox

(2)Safari , Chrome

(3)Opera 11.10+

兼容IE

2、徑向漸變
徑向漸變和線性漸變的語法差不多，詳情請查看//o2fo.com/css3/oj26bfli.html

漸變應用實例

1、徑向漸變做大背景

background-color: #4B770A;
background-image: -webkit-gradient(radial,
                        50% 400, 1,
                        50% 400, 400,
                        from(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3)),
                        to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)));
//僅實現(xiàn)了webkit下的效果

2、蒙版效果

position: fixed;
    width: 100%;
    height: 60px;
    bottom: 0px;
    content: '';
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.33) 33%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73) 66%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 91%);
    background: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), color-stop(33%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.33)), color-stop(66%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73)), color-stop(91%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)));
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.33) 33%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73) 66%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 91%);
    background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.33) 33%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73) 66%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 91%);
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.33) 33%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73) 66%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 91%);
    background: linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 0%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73) 33%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.73) 66%,rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 91%);
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff', endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=0 );

3、漸變按鈕

.myButton {
    -moz-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    -webkit-box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    box-shadow:inset 0px 1px 0px 0px #ffffff;
    background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #ededed), color-stop(1, #dfdfdf));
    background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #ededed 5%, #dfdfdf 100%);
    background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #ededed 5%, #dfdfdf 100%);
    background:-o-linear-gradient(top, #ededed 5%, #dfdfdf 100%);
    background:-ms-linear-gradient(top, #ededed 5%, #dfdfdf 100%);
    background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #ededed 5%, #dfdfdf 100%);
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#ededed', endColorstr='#dfdfdf',GradientType=0);
    background-color:#ededed;
 
    -moz-border-radius:6px;
    -webkit-border-radius:6px;
    border-radius:6px;
    border:1px solid #dcdcdc;
    display:inline-block;
    cursor:pointer;
    color:#777777;
    font-family:arial;
    font-size:15px;
    font-weight:bold;
    padding:6px 24px;
    text-decoration:none;
    text-shadow:0px 1px 0px #ffffff;
    margin-top: 100px;
}
.myButton:hover {
    background:-webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(0.05, #dfdfdf), color-stop(1, #ededed));
    background:-moz-linear-gradient(top, #dfdfdf 5%, #ededed 100%);
    background:-webkit-linear-gradient(top, #dfdfdf 5%, #ededed 100%);
    background:-o-linear-gradient(top, #dfdfdf 5%, #ededed 100%);
    background:-ms-linear-gradient(top, #dfdfdf 5%, #ededed 100%);
    background:linear-gradient(to bottom, #dfdfdf 5%, #ededed 100%);
    filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr='#dfdfdf', endColorstr='#ededed',GradientType=0);
    background-color:#dfdfdf;
}
.myButton:active {
    position:relative;
    top:1px;
}

4、用徑向漸變做一張優(yōu)惠券

主要的代碼如下：

background: radial-gradient(transparent 0, transparent 5px, #F39B00 5px);
background-size: 15px 15px;
background-position: 9px 3px;

完整代碼：

CSS代碼

這是公共樣式
.stamp {width: 387px;height: 140px;padding: 0 10px;position: relative;overflow: hidden;}
.stamp:before {content: '';position: absolute;top:0;bottom:0;left:10px;right:10px;z-index: -1;}
.stamp:after {content: '';position: absolute;left: 10px;top: 10px;right: 10px;bottom: 10px;box-shadow: 0 0 20px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);z-index: -2;}
.stamp i{position: absolute;left: 20%;top: 45px;height: 190px;width: 390px;background-color: rgba(255,255,255,.15);transform: rotate(-30deg);}
.stamp .par{float: left;padding: 16px 15px;width: 220px;border-right:2px dashed rgba(255,255,255,.3);text-align: left;}
.stamp .par p{color:#fff;}
.stamp .par span{font-size: 50px;color:#fff;margin-right: 5px;}
.stamp .par .sign{font-size: 34px;}
.stamp .par sub{position: relative;top:-5px;color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);}
.stamp .copy{display: inline-block;padding:21px 14px;width:100px;vertical-align: text-bottom;font-size: 30px;color:rgb(255,255,255);}
.stamp .copy p{font-size: 16px;margin-top: 15px;}

.stamp01{background: #F39B00;background: radial-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 5px, #F39B00 5px);background-size: 15px 15px;background-position: 9px 3px;}
.stamp01:before{background-color:#F39B00;}

.stamp02{background: #D24161;background: radial-gradient(transparent 0, transparent 5px, #D24161 5px);background-size: 15px 15px;background-position: 9px 3px;}
.stamp02:before{background-color:#D24161;}

.stamp03{background: #7EAB1E;background: radial-gradient(transparent 0, transparent 5px, #7EAB1E 5px);background-size: 15px 15px;background-position: 9px 3px;}
.stamp03:before{background-color:#7EAB1E;}
.stamp03 .copy{padding: 10px 6px 10px 12px;font-size: 24px;}
.stamp03 .copy p{font-size: 14px;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 8px;}
.stamp03 .copy a{background-color:#fff;color:#333;font-size: 14px;text-decoration:none;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:3px;display: block;}

.stamp04{width: 390px;background: #50ADD3;background: radial-gradient(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 4px, #50ADD3 4px);background-size: 12px 8px;background-position: -5px 10px;}
.stamp04:before{background-color:#50ADD3;left: 5px;right: 5px;}
.stamp04 .copy{padding: 10px 6px 10px 12px;font-size: 24px;}
.stamp04 .copy p{font-size: 14px;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 8px;}
.stamp04 .copy a{background-color:#fff;color:#333;font-size: 14px;text-decoration:none;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:3px;display: block;}

HTML代碼

<div class="stamp stamp01">
<div class="par"><p>XXXXXX折扣店</p><sub class="sign">￥</sub><span>50.00</span><sub>優(yōu)惠券</sub><p>訂單滿100.00元</p></div>
<div class="copy">副券<p>2015-08-13<br>2016-08-13</p></div>
<i></i>
</div>

<div class="stamp stamp02">
<div class="par"><p>XXXXXX折扣店</p><sub class="sign">￥</sub><span>50.00</span><sub>優(yōu)惠券</sub><p>訂單滿100.00元</p></div>
<div class="copy">副券<p>2015-08-13<br>2016-08-13</p></div>
<i></i>
</div>

<div class="stamp stamp03">
<div class="par"><p>XXXXXX折扣店</p><sub class="sign">￥</sub><span>50.00</span><sub>優(yōu)惠券</sub><p>訂單滿100.00元</p></div>
<div class="copy">副券<p>2015-08-13<br>2016-08-13</p><a href="#">立即使用</a></div>
<i></i>
</div>

<div class="stamp stamp04">
<div class="par"><p>XXXXXX折扣店</p><sub class="sign">￥</sub><span>50.00</span><sub>優(yōu)惠券</sub><p>訂單滿100.00元</p></div>
<div class="copy">副券<p>2015-08-13<br>2016-08-13</p><a href="#">立即使用</a></div>
<i></i>
</div>

PS：用這個方式還可以做郵票，不信你試試

相信你看到這，一定覺得，這么長串的代碼，我怎么寫出來，看著都暈。如果是簡單的漸變，可以用less的函數(shù)來生成，只需要提供開始顏色和停止顏色。如果是按鈕，則有專門的網(wǎng)站，可視化生成。

Less函數(shù)

/* 線性漸變 */
.gradient (@origin: top, @start: #ffffff, @stop: #000000) {
    background-color: @start;
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(@origin, @start, @stop);
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(@origin, @start, @stop);
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(@origin, @start, @stop);
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(@origin, @start, @stop);
    background-image: linear-gradient(@origin, @start, @stop);
}

/* 快速漸變 */
.quick-gradient (@origin: left, @alpha: 0.2) {
    background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(@origin, rgba(0,0,0,0.0), rgba(0,0,0,@alpha));
    background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(@origin, rgba(0,0,0,0.0), rgba(0,0,0,@alpha));
    background-image: -o-linear-gradient(@origin, rgba(0,0,0,0.0), rgba(0,0,0,@alpha));
    background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(@origin, rgba(0,0,0,0.0), rgba(0,0,0,@alpha));
    background-image: linear-gradient(@origin, rgba(0,0,0,0.0), rgba(0,0,0,@alpha));
}

用法：

//html代碼
<div class="div1"></div>
<div class="div2"></div>
 
//css代碼
div{
    width: 200px;
    height: 80px;
    margin: 10px;
}
.div1{
    .gradient(top, #00B7EA, #0391B3);
}
.div2{
    .quick-gradient();
}