本章內(nèi)容將教你如何使用Struts2 應(yīng)用程序發(fā)送電子郵件。學(xué)習(xí)前,你需要從JavaMail API 1.4.4下載并安裝mail.jar,并將mail.jar文件放在WEB-INF\lib文件夾中,然后繼續(xù)按照以下標(biāo)準(zhǔn)步驟創(chuàng)建action,視圖和配置文件。
首先是創(chuàng)建一個(gè)Action方法來處理電子郵件發(fā)送。讓我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含以下內(nèi)容的名為Emailer.java的新類:
package cn.w3cschool.struts2; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class Emailer extends ActionSupport { private String from; private String password; private String to; private String subject; private String body; static Properties properties = new Properties(); static { properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com"); properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465"); } public String execute() { String ret = SUCCESS; try { Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(from, password); }}); Message message = new MimeMessage(session); message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to)); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); Transport.send(message); } catch(Exception e) { ret = ERROR; e.printStackTrace(); } return ret; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this.to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this.subject = subject; } public String getBody() { return body; } public void setBody(String body) { this.body = body; } public static Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public static void setProperties(Properties properties) { Emailer.properties = properties; } }
如上面的源代碼所示,Emailer.java具有與下面給出的email.jsp頁面中的表單屬性相對(duì)應(yīng)的屬,這些屬性分別是:
from - 發(fā)件人的電子郵件地址。由于我們使用Google的SMTP,因此我們需要有效的gtalk ID。
password - 上述帳戶的密碼
to - 發(fā)送電子郵件給誰?
Subject - 電子郵件的主題
body - 實(shí)際的電子郵件內(nèi)容
我們沒有考慮對(duì)上述字段的任何驗(yàn)證,驗(yàn)證將在下一章添加。讓我們看看execute()方法, execute()方法使用javax Mail庫提供的參數(shù)發(fā)送電子郵件。如果郵件成功發(fā)送,action返回SUCCESS,否則返回ERROR。
現(xiàn)行編寫主頁的JSP文件index.jsp,這將用于收集上面提到的電子郵件相關(guān)信息:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Form</title> </head> <body> <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. So you need to enter a gmail username and password </em> <form action="emailer" method="post"> <label for="from">From</label><br/> <input type="text" name="from"/><br/> <label for="password">Password</label><br/> <input type="password" name="password"/><br/> <label for="to">To</label><br/> <input type="text" name="to"/><br/> <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/> <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/> <label for="body">Body</label><br/> <input type="text" name="body"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/> </form> </body> </html>
現(xiàn)在創(chuàng)建success.jsp文件,這在action返回SUCCESS結(jié)果的情況下會(huì)被調(diào)用,但如果從action返回ERROR結(jié)果,我們將用另一個(gè)視圖文件。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Success</title> </head> <body> Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully. </body> </html>
以下將是在action返回ERROR的情況下調(diào)用的視圖文件error.jsp。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Error</title> </head> <body> There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>. </body> </html>
最后,讓我們使用struts.xml配置文件將所有內(nèi)容放在一起,如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default"> <action name="emailer" class="cn.w3cschool.struts2.Emailer" method="execute"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error">/error.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
以下是web.xml文件的內(nèi)容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Struts 2</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
現(xiàn)在,右鍵單擊項(xiàng)目名稱,然后單擊“Export”> “WAR File”以創(chuàng)建WAR文件。然后在Tomcat的webapps目錄中部署WAR文件。最后,啟動(dòng)Tomcat服務(wù)器并嘗試訪問URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp,將顯示以下界面:
輸入所需的信息,然后單擊Send Email按鈕。如果一切正常,那么你可以看到以下頁面:
更多建議: