Tornado Query

Query示例-并發(fā)網(wǎng)絡(luò)蜘蛛

Tornado 的tornado.queues模塊為協(xié)程實(shí)現(xiàn)了異步生產(chǎn)者/消費(fèi)者模式，類似于 Python 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫的queue模塊為線程實(shí)現(xiàn)的模式。
產(chǎn)生Queue.get暫停的協(xié)程直到隊(duì)列中有一個項(xiàng)目。如果隊(duì)列設(shè)置了最大大小，則產(chǎn)生的協(xié)程會Queue.put暫停，直到有空間容納另一個項(xiàng)目。
一個Queue維護(hù)未完成任務(wù)的計(jì)數(shù)，該計(jì)數(shù)從零開始。 put增加計(jì)數(shù)；task_done遞減它。
在此處的 web-spider 示例中，隊(duì)列開始時僅包含 base_url。當(dāng)工作人員獲取頁面時，它會解析鏈接并將新鏈接放入隊(duì)列中，然后調(diào)用task_done以減少計(jì)數(shù)器一次。最終，一個工作人員獲取了一個之前所有 URL 都已看到的頁面，并且隊(duì)列中也沒有剩余工作。因此，該工人的調(diào)用task_done 將計(jì)數(shù)器減至零。正在等待加入的主協(xié)同程序未暫停并完成。

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import time
from datetime import timedelta

from html.parser import HTMLParser
from urllib.parse import urljoin, urldefrag

from tornado import gen, httpclient, ioloop, queues

base_url = "http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/"
concurrency = 10


async def get_links_from_url(url):
    """Download the page at `url` and parse it for links.

    Returned links have had the fragment after `#` removed, and have been made
    absolute so, e.g. the URL 'gen.html#tornado.gen.coroutine' becomes
    'http://www.tornadoweb.org/en/stable/gen.html'.
    """
    response = await httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient().fetch(url)
    print("fetched %s" % url)

    html = response.body.decode(errors="ignore")
    return [urljoin(url, remove_fragment(new_url)) for new_url in get_links(html)]


def remove_fragment(url):
    pure_url, frag = urldefrag(url)
    return pure_url


def get_links(html):
    class URLSeeker(HTMLParser):
        def __init__(self):
            HTMLParser.__init__(self)
            self.urls = []

        def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
            href = dict(attrs).get("href")
            if href and tag == "a":
                self.urls.append(href)

    url_seeker = URLSeeker()
    url_seeker.feed(html)
    return url_seeker.urls


async def main():
    q = queues.Queue()
    start = time.time()
    fetching, fetched, dead = set(), set(), set()

    async def fetch_url(current_url):
        if current_url in fetching:
            return

        print("fetching %s" % current_url)
        fetching.add(current_url)
        urls = await get_links_from_url(current_url)
        fetched.add(current_url)

        for new_url in urls:
            # Only follow links beneath the base URL
            if new_url.startswith(base_url):
                await q.put(new_url)

    async def worker():
        async for url in q:
            if url is None:
                return
            try:
                await fetch_url(url)
            except Exception as e:
                print("Exception: %s %s" % (e, url))
                dead.add(url)
            finally:
                q.task_done()

    await q.put(base_url)

    # Start workers, then wait for the work queue to be empty.
    workers = gen.multi([worker() for _ in range(concurrency)])
    await q.join(timeout=timedelta(seconds=300))
    assert fetching == (fetched | dead)
    print("Done in %d seconds, fetched %s URLs." % (time.time() - start, len(fetched)))
    print("Unable to fetch %s URLS." % len(dead))

    # Signal all the workers to exit.
    for _ in range(concurrency):
        await q.put(None)
    await workers


if __name__ == "__main__":
    io_loop = ioloop.IOLoop.current()
    io_loop.run_sync(main)