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README.md
Name
OpenWAF
第一個全方位開源的Web應用防護系統(tǒng)（WAF），更全面的防護功能，更多樣的防護策略
Table of Contents
- Name
- Version
- Synopsis
- Description
- Installation
- Docker
- Community
- Bugs and Patches
- TODO
- Changes
- Copyright and License
- Modules Configuration Directives
- Nginx Variables
- SecRules
Version
This document describes OpenWAF v0.0.3.170103_beta released on 03 Jan 2017.
Docker Version
- titansec/openwaf:0.0.1.161130_beta
??SHA: 596dee9d2b9ce44d59dc445141f72b3607f9fbe6
??https://github.com/titansec/OpenWAF/tree/596dee9d2b9ce44d59dc445141f72b3607f9fbe6 - titansec/openwaf:0.0.3.170103_beta(titansec/openwaf:latest)
??SHA: 28ce1556250301f26f31b46d9cd9dde5a3b3f03f
??https://github.com/titansec/OpenWAF/tree/28ce1556250301f26f31b46d9cd9dde5a3b3f03f
Synopsis
#nginx.conf
lua_package_path '/twaf/?.lua;;';
init_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_init.lua;
lua_shared_dict twaf_shm 50m;
upstream test {
server 0.0.0.1; #just an invalid address as a place holder
balancer_by_lua_file twaf_balancer.lua;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name _;
ssl_certificate_by_lua_file twaf_ssl_cert.lua;
rewrite_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_rewrite.lua;
access_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_access.lua;
header_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_header_filter.lua;
body_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_body_filter.lua
log_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_log.lua;
set $twaf_https 1;
set $twaf_upstream_server "";
ssl_certificate nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key nginx.key;
location / {
lua_need_request_body on;
proxy_pass $twaf_upstream_server;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
rewrite_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_rewrite.lua;
access_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_access.lua;
header_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_header_filter.lua;
body_filter_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_body_filter.lua
log_by_lua_file /twaf/app/twaf_log.lua;
set $twaf_upstream_server "";
location / {
lua_need_request_body on;
proxy_pass $twaf_upstream_server;
}
} #default_config-json
#main_safe_policy-jsonDescription
OpenWAF是第一個全方位開源的Web應用防護系統(tǒng)（WAF），他基于nginx_lua API分析HTTP請求信息。OpenWAF由行為分析引擎和規(guī)則引擎兩大功能引擎構成。其中規(guī)則引擎主要對單個請求進行分析，行為分析引擎主要負責跨請求信息追蹤。
規(guī)則引擎的啟發(fā)來自modsecurity及freewaf(lua-resty-waf)，將ModSecurity的規(guī)則機制用lua實現(xiàn)?；谝?guī)則引擎可以進行協(xié)議規(guī)范，自動工具，注入攻擊，跨站攻擊，信息泄露，異常請求等安全防護，支持動態(tài)添加規(guī)則，及時修補漏洞。
行為分析引擎包含基于頻率的模糊識別，防惡意爬蟲，人機識別等防探測模塊，防CSRF，防CC，防提權，文件上傳防護等防攻擊模塊，cookie防篡改，防盜鏈，自定義響應頭，攻擊響應頁面等防信息泄露模塊。
除了兩大引擎之外，還包含統(tǒng)計，日志，攻擊響應頁面，接入規(guī)則等基礎模塊。除了已有的功能模塊，OpenWAF還支持動態(tài)修改配置， 動態(tài)添加第三方模塊，使得在不重啟引擎中斷業(yè)務的條件下，升級防護。
OpenWAF支持將上述功能封裝為策略，不同的web application應用不同的策略來防護。將來還會打造云平臺，策略還可分享供他人參考。
基礎模塊如下:
- 靜態(tài)配置管理器 openwaf_conf
- 日志 openwaf_log
- 統(tǒng)計 openwaf_reqstat
- 核心層 openwaf_core
- 接入規(guī)則 openwaf_access_rule
功能模塊如下:
- 規(guī)則引擎 openwaf_rule_engine
- 攻擊響應頁面 openwaf_attack_response
- API openwaf_api
- 防惡意爬蟲 openwaf_anti_mal_crawler
詳細配置文檔及示例請看上述各模塊文檔
Installation
若用docker安裝，可省略步驟1-3
1. 下載openresty
詳見 https://openresty.org/en/installation.html
1.1 cd /opt
1.2 wget -c https://openresty.org/download/openresty-1.11.2.1.tar.gz
1.3 tar -xzvf openresty-1.11.2.1.tar.gz
2. 安裝OpenWAF
2.1 cd /opt
2.2 獲取OpenWAF源文件
git clone https://github.com/titansec/OpenWAF.git
2.3 移動配置文件
mv /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty/ngx_openwaf.conf /etc
2.4 覆蓋openresty的configure文件
mv /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty/configure /opt/openresty-1.11.2.1
2.5 移動第三方模塊至openresty中
mv /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty/* /opt/openresty-1.11.2.1/bundle/
2.6 刪除OpenWAF/lib/openresty目錄
rm -rf /opt/OpenWAF/lib/openresty
3. 編譯openresty
3.1 cd /opt/openresty-1.11.2.1/
3.2 ./configure --with-pcre-jit --with-ipv6 \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_sub_module
3.3 make && make install
4. 編輯配置文件
4.1 接入規(guī)則
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_access_rule.json
編輯域名，后端服務器地址等信息
4.2 日志服務器
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_default_conf.json
配置twaf_log日志接收服務器地址
5. 啟動引擎
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/ngx_openwaf.conf
Problems
1. nginx:[emerg] at least OpenSSL 1.0.2e required but found OpenSSL xxx
更新OpenSSL版本至1.0.2e以上即可
如：wget -c http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.2h.tar.gz
./config
make && make install
PS:
1. 查看當前openssl版本命令： openssl version
2. 若更新openssl后，版本未變，請詳看http://www.cnblogs.com/songqingbo/p/5464620.html
3. 若依然提示版本問題，編譯openresty時帶上--with-openssl=/path/to/openssl-xxx/
2. 提示找不到GeoIP.h
apt-get install libgeoip-dev
3. 提示找不到swig
apt-get install swig
4. 提示PCRE不支持JIT
編譯pcre時，帶上--enable-jit參數(shù)Docker
1. pull docker images from repository
docker pull titansec/openwaf
2. start-up docker
2.1 docker run, named openwaf
docker run -d -p 22:22 -p 80:80 -p 443:443 --name openwaf titansec/openwaf
2.2 enter openwaf
docker exec -it openwaf /bin/bash
3. edit config
3.1 edit access rule
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_access_rule.json
3.2 edit log server addr
vi /opt/OpenWAF/conf/twaf_default_conf.json
4. start-up OpenWAF
/usr/local/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/ngx_openwaf.conf
PS:
#add bridge address, e.g. 192.168.39.12
pipework br0 ContainerName ip/gateway
如：
pipework br0 openwaf 192.168.39.12/24@192.168.39.253
Problems
1. pipework: command not found
git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/pipework.git
cp pipework/pipework /usr/local/bin/
2. Warning: arping not found; interface may not be immediately reachable
apt-get install arpingCommunity
English Mailing List
The OpenWAF-en mailing list is for English speakers.
Chinese Mailing List
The OpenWAF-cn mailing list is for Chinese speakers.
Personal QQ Mail
290557551@qq.com
QQ Group
579790127
Bugs and Patches
Please submit bug reports, wishlists, or patches by
- creating a ticket on the GitHub Issue Tracker,
- or posting to the OpenWAF community.
TODO
-
- 上傳人機識別模塊
-
- 上傳防盜鏈模塊
-
- 上傳防CC模塊
-
- 上傳cookie防篡改模塊
-
- 上傳基于頻率的模糊識別防探測模塊
-
- 上傳WebShell上傳防護模塊
-
- 上傳防CSRF模塊
-
- 提供頁面體驗OpenWAF防護功能
-
- 放開動態(tài)配置規(guī)則引擎API
-
- 放開動態(tài)配置行為分析引擎API
Changes
Time: 2016/12/05
Version: v0.0.2.161205_beta
??1. New Module - twaf_attack_response
????Return Custom response page When the request is rejected by OpenWAF
??2. Api - api/stat[/policy_uuid]
????Show statistical infomation
Time: 2016/12/05
Version: v0.0.1.161130_beta
??1. Docker
????build OpenWAF with docker
Time: 2016/12/05
Version: v0.0.1.161012_beta
??1. log module
????Send tcp/udp log
??2. reqstat module
????Statistics of request infomation
??3. access rule
????Publish applications
??4. rule engine
????Access Control
Copyright and License
This module is licensed under the BSD license.
Copyright (C) 2016-2016, by Jian "Miracle" Qi (齊健) , Titan Co.Ltd.
All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
Modules Configuration Directives
twaf_access_rule
{
"twaf_access_rule": [
"rules": [ -- 注意先后順序
{
"client_ssl": false, -- 客戶端認證的開關，與ngx_ssl組成雙向認證
"client_ssl_cert": "path", -- 客戶端認證所需PEM證書地址
"ngx_ssl": false, -- nginx認證的開關
"ngx_ssl_cert": "path", -- nginx認證所需PEM證書地址
"ngx_ssl_key": "path", -- nginx認證所需PEM私鑰地址
"host": "^1\\.1\\.1\\.1$", -- 域名，正則匹配
"port": 80, -- 端口號（缺省80）
"path": "\/", -- 路徑，正則匹配
"server_ssl": false, -- 后端服務器ssl開關
"forward": "server_5", -- 后端服務器upstream名稱
"forward_addr": "1.1.1.2", -- 后端服務器ip地址
"forward_port": "8080", -- 后端服務器端口號（缺省80）
"uuid": "access_567b067ff2060", -- 用來標記此規(guī)則的uuid
"policy": "policy_uuid" -- 安全策略ID
}
]
}
}rules
syntax: "rules": table
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
table類型，接入規(guī)則，順序匹配
client_ssl
syntax: "client_ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_access_rule
客戶端認證開關，與ngx_ssl組成雙向認證，默認false
client_ssl_cert
syntax: "client_ssl_cert": "path"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，客戶端認證所需PEM證書地址，目前僅支持絕對地址
ngx_ssl
syntax: "ngx_ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_access_rule
boolean類型，服務器端(nginx)認證開關，與client_ssl組成雙向認證，默認關閉
ngx_ssl_cert
syntax: "ngx_ssl_cert": "path"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，服務器端(nginx)認證所需PEM證書地址，目前僅支持絕對地址
ngx_ssl_key
syntax: "ngx_ssl_key": "path"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，服務器端(nginx)認證所需PEM私鑰地址，目前僅支持絕對地址
host
syntax: "host": "ip|domain name regex"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，域名，正則匹配
例如:
"host": "^1\\.1\\.1\\.1$"
"host": "test\\.com"
"host": "^.*\\.com$"
"host": "www.baidu.com"port
syntax: "port": number
default: 80
context: twaf_access_rule
number類型，端口號
path
syntax: "path": "regex"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，路徑，正則匹配
例如:
"path": "/"
"path": "/images"
"path": "/[a|b]test"server_ssl
syntax: "server_ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_access_rule
boolean類型，OpenWAF向后端服務器連接的ssl開關
例如:
upstream test {
server 1.1.1.1;
}
http {
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
location / {
#server_ssl為true，相當于proxy_pass后為https
proxy_pass https://test;
#server_ssl為false，相當于proxy_pass后為http
#proxy_pass http://test;
}
}
}forward
syntax: "forward": "upstream_uuid"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，forward表示后端服務器的uuid，即upstream的名稱
#如：forward值為test
upstream test {
server 1.1.1.1;
}forward_addr
syntax: "forward_addr": "ip"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，forward_addr表示后端服務器的ip地址（TODO：支持域名）
upstream test {
#如：forward_addr值為1.1.1.1
server 1.1.1.1;
}forward_port
syntax: "forward_port": port
default: 80
context: twaf_access_rule
number類型，forward_port表示后端服務器端口號，默認80
upstream test {
#如：forward_port值為50001
server 1.1.1.1:50001;
}uuid
syntax: "uuid": "string"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，接入規(guī)則的唯一標識
policy
syntax: "policy": "policy_uuid"
default: none
context: twaf_access_rule
string類型，滿足此接入規(guī)則的請求，所使用安全策略的uuid
twaf_anti_hotlink
{
"twaf_anti_hotlink":{
"state":false,
"log_state":true,
"event_id":"110001",
"event_severity":"medium",
"ct_state":false,
"action_meta":403,
"action":"DENY",
"mode":"referer",
"allow_noreferer":true,
"cookie_name":"TWAF_AH",
"uri_ext":["javascript", "css", "html", ""]
}
}state
syntax: "state": true|false|"$dynamic_state"
default: false
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
log_state
syntax: "log_state": true|false|"$dynamic_state"
default: true
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
ct_state
syntax: "ct_state": true|false|"$dynamic_state"
default: false
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
event_id
syntax: "event_id": "string"
default: "110001"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
event_severity
syntax: "event_severity": "string"
default: "medium"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
action
syntax: "action": "string"
default: "DENY"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
action_meta
syntax: "action_meta": "string"|number
default: 403
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
mode
syntax: "mode": "string"
default: "referer"
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
allow_noreferer
syntax: "allow_noreferer": true|false
default: true
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
cookie_name
syntax: "cookie_name": "string"
default: TWAF_AH
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
cookie_name表示盜鏈模塊發(fā)送COOKIE的名稱，默認"TWAF_AH"
此配置只有mode為cookie模式下生效
uri_ext
syntax: "uri_ext": array|exten|"all"
default: none
context: twaf_anti_hotlink
uri_ext表示對哪些資源進行盜鏈防護
#對html類型資源進行盜鏈防護
"uri_ext": "html"
#對未知類型資源進行盜鏈防護，nginx無法解析出資源類型時為空字符串
"uri_ext": ""
#對html、css及未知類型資源進行盜鏈防護
"uri_ext": ["html", "css", ""]
#對所有資源進行盜鏈防護
"uri_ext": "all"twaf_anti_mal_crawler
{
"state":false,
"cookie_state":true,
"log_state":true,
"event_id":"710001",
"event_severity":"high",
"force_scan_robots_state":false,
"shared_dict_key":["remote_addr", "http_user_agent"],
"timeout":300,
"crawler_cookie_name":"crawler",
"mal_cookie_name":"mcrawler",
"trap_uri":"/abc/abc.html",
"trap_args":"id=1",
"action":"DENY",
"action_meta":403
}state
syntax: state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: false
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
模塊開關，默認false（關閉），支持動態(tài)開關
cookie_state
syntax: cookie_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
是否發(fā)送cookie,默認true（發(fā)送），支持動態(tài)開關
log_state
syntax: log_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
安全日志開關， 默認true（記錄），支持動態(tài)開關
event_id
syntax: event_id
default: "710001"
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
記錄安全日志時，顯示的事件ID
event_severity
syntax: event_severity critical|high|medium|low
default: high
context: twaf_anti_mal_crawler
記錄安全日志時，顯示的事件等級
twaf_reqstat
"twaf_reqstat": {
"state":true,
"safe_state":true,
"access_state":true,
"upstream_state":true,
"shared_dict_name":"twaf_reqshm"
}state
syntax: state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
統(tǒng)計模塊開關，支持動態(tài)開關，默認開啟
access_state
syntax: access_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
訪問信息統(tǒng)計開關，支持動態(tài)開關，默認開啟
safe_state
syntax: safe_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
安全信息統(tǒng)計開關，支持動態(tài)開關，默認開啟
upstream_state
syntax: upstream_state true|false|$dynamic_state
default: true
context: twaf_reqstat
轉發(fā)信息統(tǒng)計開關，支持動態(tài)開關，默認開啟
shared_dict_name
syntax: shared_dict_name string
default: openwaf_reqshm
context: twaf_reqstat
指定shared_dict名稱，在這之前需在nginx配置文件中配置lua_shared_dict
默認shared_dict名稱為openwaf_reqshm
twaf_log
"twaf_log": {
"access_log_state":false, -- 訪問日志開關
"security_log_state":true, -- 安全日志開關
"sock_type":"udp", -- 支持tcp和udp兩種協(xié)議
"content_type":"JSON", -- 支持JSON和INFLUXDB兩種日志格式
"host":"127.0.0.1", -- 日志服務器地址
"port":60055, -- 日志服務器端口號
"flush_limit":0, -- 緩沖，當存儲的日志大于閾值才發(fā)送
"drop_limit":1048576,
"max_retry_times":5, -- 最大容錯次數(shù)
"ssl":false, -- 是否開啟ssl協(xié)議
"access_log":{} -- 訪問日志格式
"security_log":{} -- 安全日志格式
}access_log_state
syntax: "access_log_state": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_log
訪問日志開關，默認關閉
security_log_state
syntax: "security_log_state": true|false
default: true
context: twaf_log
安全事件日志開關，默認開啟
sock_type
syntax: "sock_type": tcp|udp
default: udp
context: twaf_log
日志傳輸協(xié)議，默認udp
content_type
syntax: "content_type": JSON|INFLUXDB
default: JSON
context: twaf_log
日志格式，默認JSON
host
syntax: "host": string
default: "127.0.0.1"
context: twaf_log
日志接收服務器的ip地址
port
syntax: "port": number
default: 60055
context: twaf_log
日志接收服務器的端口號
flush_limit
syntax: "flush_limit": number
default: 0
context: twaf_log
緩沖區(qū)大小，當存儲的日志大于閾值才發(fā)送，默認值為0，即立即發(fā)送日志
drop_limit
syntax: "drop_limit": number
default: 1048576
context: twaf_log
max_retry_times
syntax: "max_retry_times": number
default: 5
context: twaf_log
最大容錯次數(shù)
ssl
syntax: "ssl": true|false
default: false
context: twaf_log
是否開啟ssl協(xié)議，默認false
access_log
syntax: "access_log": table
default: false
context: twaf_log
訪問日志格式
security_log
syntax: "security_log": table
default: false
context: twaf_log
安全事件日志格式
若content_type為JSON，則日志格式為
[
variable_key_1,
variable_key_2,
...
]若content_type為INFLUXDB，則日志格式為
{
"db":MEASUREMENT名稱,
"tags":[variable_key_1, variable_key_2, ...],
"fileds"[variable_key_1, variable_key_2, ...],
"time":true|false
}變量名稱詳見規(guī)則引擎模塊twaf_secrules
#日志格式舉例
#JSON格式
"security_log": [
"remote_addr",
"remote_port",
"userid",
"dev_uuid",
"original_dst_addr",
"original_dst_port",
"remote_user",
"time_local",
"msec",
"request_method",
"request_uri",
"request_protocol",
"status",
"bytes_sent",
"http_referer",
"http_user_agent",
"gzip_ratio",
"http_host",
"raw_header"
]
#INFLUXDB格式
"security_log": {
"db":"test", -- MEASUREMENT名稱
"tags":[], -- tags keys
"fileds":[ -- fileds keys
"remote_addr",
"remote_port",
"userid",
"dev_uuid",
"original_dst_addr",
"original_dst_port",
"remote_user",
"time_local",
"msec",
"request_method",
"request_uri",
"request_protocol",
"status",
"bytes_sent",
"http_referer",
"http_user_agent",
"gzip_ratio",
"http_host",
"raw_header"
],
"time":true -- 日志是否攜帶時間戳
}twaf_secrules
"twaf_secrules":{
"state": true, -- 總開關
"reqbody_state": true, -- 請求體檢測開關
"header_filter_state": true, -- 響應頭檢測開關
"body_filter_state": true, -- 響應體檢測開關
"reqbody_limit":134217728, -- 請求體檢測閾值，大于閾值不檢測
"respbody_limit":524288, -- 響應體檢測閾值，大于閾值不檢測
"pre_path": "/opt/OpenWAF/", -- OpenWAF安裝路徑
"path": "lib/twaf/inc/knowledge_db/twrules", -- 特征規(guī)則庫在OpenWAF中的路徑
"rules_id":{ -- 特征排除
"111112": [{"REMOTE_HOST":"a.com", "URI":"^/ab"}] -- 匹配中數(shù)組中信息則對應規(guī)則失效，數(shù)組中key為變量名稱，值支持正則
"111113": {} -- 特征未被排除
"111114": [{}] -- 特征被無條件排除
}
}state
syntax: state true|false
default: true
context: twaf_secrules
規(guī)則引擎總開關
reqbody_state
syntax: reqbody_state true|false
default: true
context: twaf_secrules
請求體檢測開關
header_filter_state
syntax: header_filter_state true|false
default: true
context: twaf_secrules
響應頭檢測開關
body_filter_state
syntax: body_filter_state true|false
default: false
context: twaf_secrules
響應體檢測開關，默認關閉，若開啟需添加第三方模塊[ngx_http_twaf_header_sent_filter_module暫未開源]
reqbody_limit
syntax: reqbody_limit number
default: 134217728
context: twaf_secrules
請求體檢測大小上限，默認134217728B(128MB)，若請求體超過設置上限，則不檢測
PS：reqbody_limit值要小于nginx中client_body_buffer_size的值才會生效
respbody_limit
syntax: respbody_limit number
default: 134217728
context: twaf_secrules
響應體檢測大小上限，默認134217728B(128MB)，若響應體大小超過設置上限，則不檢測
pre_path
syntax: pre_path string
default: /opt/OpenWAF/
context: twaf_secrules
OpenWAF的安裝路徑
path
syntax: path string
default: lib/twaf/inc/knowledge_db/twrules
context: twaf_secrules
特征規(guī)則庫在OpenWAF中的路徑
rules_id
syntax: rules_id table
default: none
context: twaf_secrules
用于排除特征
Nginx Variables
$twaf_https
syntax: set $twaf_https 0|1
default: 0
context: server
用于標記請求是否通過ssl加密
"set $twaf_https 1"，則表示請求通過ssl加密
"set $twaf_https 1"，則表示請求未通過ssl加密
server {
listen 443 ssl;
set $twaf_https 1;
...
}
server {
listen 80;
set $twaf_https 0;
...
}$twaf_upstream_server
syntax: set $twaf_upstream_server ""
default: none
context: server
用于指定后端服務器地址，只需初始化為空字符串即可，其值由"server_ssl"和"forward"確定
upstream server_1 {
...
}
upstream server_2 {
...
}
server {
...
set $twaf_upstream_server "";
location / {
...
proxy_pass $twaf_upstream_server;
}
}
若"server_ssl"值為true, "forward"值為"server_1"
等價于proxy_pass https://server_1;
若"server_ssl"值為false, "forward"值為"server_2"
等價于proxy_pass http://server_2;SecRules
Variables
- ARGS
- ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE
- ARGS_GET
- ARGS_GET_NAMES
- ARGS_NAMES
- ARGS_POST
- ARGS_POST_NAMES
- BYTES_IN
- CONNECTION_REQUESTS
- DURATION
- FILES
- FILES_NAMES
- GEO
- GEO_CODE3
- GEO_CODE3
- GEO_ID
- GEO_CONTINENT
- GEO_NAME
- GZIP_RATIO
- HTTP_COOKIE
- HTTP_HOST
- HTTP_REFERER
- HTTP_USER_AGENT
- IP_VERSION
- MATCHED_VAR
- MATCHED_VARS
- MATCHED_VAR_NAME
- MATCHED_VARS_NAMES
- ORIGINAL_DST_ADDR
- ORIGINAL_DST_PORT
- POLICYID
- QUERY_STRING
- RAW_HEADER
- RAW_HEADER_TRUE
- REMOTE_ADDR
- REMOTE_HOST
- REMOTE_PORT
- REMOTE_USER
- REQUEST_BASENAME
- REQUEST_BODY
- REQUEST_COOKIES
- REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES
- REQUEST_FILENAME
- REQUEST_HEADERS
- REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES
- REQUEST_LINE
- REQUEST_METHOD
- REQUEST_PROTOCOL
- HTTP_VERSION
- URI
- URL
- REQUEST_URI
- RESPONSE_BODY
- RESPONSE_HEADERS
- RESPONSE_STATUS
- SCHEME
- SERVER_ADDR
- SERVER_NAME
- SERVER_PORT
- SESSION
- SESSION_DATA
- TIME
- TIME_DAY
- TIME_EPOCH
- TIME_HOUR
- TIME_MIN
- TIME_MON
- TIME_SEC
- TIME_WDAY
- TIME_YEAR
- TIME_LOCAL
- TX
- UNIQUE_ID
- UPSTREAM_CACHE_STATUS
- USERID
ARGS
table類型，所有的請求參數(shù)，包含ARGS_GET和ARGS_POST
例如：POST http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
請求體為：time=123456&day=365
ARGS變量值為{"name": "miracle", "age": "5", "time": "123456", "day": "365"}ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE
number類型，請求參數(shù)總長度，只包含key和value的長度，不包含'&'或'='等符號
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
ARGS_COMBINED_SIZE變量值為15，而不是18ARGS_GET
table類型，querystring參數(shù)
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
ARGS_GET變量值為{"name": "miracle", "age": "5"}ARGS_GET_NAMES
table類型，querystring參數(shù)key值
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
ARGS_GET_NAMES變量值為["name", "age"]ARGS_NAMES
table類型，querystring參數(shù)key值及post參數(shù)key值
例如：POST http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
請求體為：time=123456&day=365
ARGS_NAMES變量值為["name", "age", "time", "day"]ARGS_POST
table類型，POST參數(shù)
例如：
POST http://www.baidu.com/login.html
請求體為：time=123456&day=365
ARGS_POST變量值為{"time": "123456", "day": "365"}ARGS_POST_NAMES
table類型，POST參數(shù)key值
例如：
POST http://www.baidu.com/login.html
請求體為：time=123456&day=365
ARGS_POST_NAMES變量值為["time", "day"]BYTES_IN
number類型，接收信息字節(jié)數(shù)
CONNECTION_REQUESTS
number類型，當前連接中的請求數(shù)
DURATION
string類型，處理事務用時時間，單位:微秒(μs)
FILES
table類型，從請求體中得到的原始文件名(帶有文件后綴名)
FILES_NAMES
table類型，上傳文件名稱（不帶有后綴名）
GEO
table類型，包含code3,code,id,continent,name等字段信息
GEO_CODE3
string類型，3個字母長度的國家縮寫
GEO_CODE
string類型，2個字母長度的國家縮寫
GEO_ID
number類型，國家ID
GEO_CONTINENT
string類型，國家所在大洲
GEO_NAME
string類型，國家全稱
GZIP_RATIO
string類型，壓縮比率
HTTP_COOKIE
string類型，請求頭中的cookie字段
HTTP_HOST
string類型，請求頭中的host字段值，既域名:端口(80缺省)
HTTP_REFERER
string類型，請求頭中的referer字段
HTTP_USER_AGENT
string類型，請求頭中的user-agent字段
IP_VERSION
string類型，IPv4 or IPv6
MATCHED_VAR
類型不定，當前匹配中的變量
MATCHED_VARS
table類型，單條規(guī)則匹配中的所有變量
MATCHED_VAR_NAME
string類型，當前匹配中的變量名稱
MATCHED_VARS_NAMES
table類型，單條規(guī)則匹配中的所有變量名稱
ORIGINAL_DST_ADDR
string類型，服務器地址，應用代理模式為WAF地址，透明模式為后端服務器地址
ORIGINAL_DST_PORT
string類型，服務器端口號，應用代理模式為WAF端口號，透明模式為后端服務器端口號
POLICYID
string類型，策略ID
QUERY_STRING
string類型，未解碼的請求參數(shù)
RAW_HEADER
string類型，請求頭信息，帶請求行
RAW_HEADER_TRUE
string類型，請求頭信息，不帶請求行
REMOTE_ADDR
string類型，客戶端地址
REMOTE_HOST
string類型，域名
REMOTE_PORT
number類型，端口號
REMOTE_USER
string類型，用于身份驗證的用戶名
REQUEST_BASENAME
string類型，請求的文件名
例如: GET http://www.baidu.com/test/login.php
REQUEST_BASENAME值為/login.phpREQUEST_BODY
類型不定，請求體
REQUEST_COOKIES
table類型，請求攜帶的cookie
REQUEST_COOKIES_NAMES
table類型，請求攜帶cookie的名稱
REQUEST_FILENAME
string類型，relative request URL(相對請求路徑)
例如: GET http://www.baidu.com/test/login.php
REQUEST_FILENAME值為/test/login.phpREQUEST_HEADERS
table類型，請求頭信息
REQUEST_HEADERS_NAMES
table類型，請求頭key值
REQUEST_LINE
string類型，請求行
REQUEST_METHOD
string類型，請求方法
REQUEST_PROTOCOL
string類型，http請求協(xié)議，如: HTTP/1.1
HTTP_VERSION
string類型，http請求協(xié)議版本，如: 1.1
URI
string類型，請求路徑，既不帶域名，也不帶參數(shù)
例如: GET http://www.baid.com/test/login.php?name=miracle
URI變量值為/test/login.phpURL
string類型，統(tǒng)一資源定位符，SCHEME與HTTP_HOST與URI的拼接
例如: GET http://www.baid.com/test/login.php?name=miracle
URL變量值為http://www.baid.com/test/login.phpREQUEST_URI
string類型，請求路徑，帶參數(shù)，但不帶有域名
例如: GET http://www.baid.com/test/login.php?name=miracle
REQUEST_URI變量值為/test/login.php?name=miracleRESPONSE_BODY
string類型，響應體
RESPONSE_HEADERS
table類型，響應頭信息
RESPONSE_STATUS
function類型，響應狀態(tài)碼
SCHEME
string類型，http or https
例如：GET http://www.baidu.com/
SCHEME變量值為httpSERVER_ADDR
string類型，服務器地址
SERVER_NAME
string類型，服務器名稱
SERVER_PORT
number類型，服務器端口號
SESSION
table類型，第三方模塊lua-resty-session提供的變量
SESSION_DATA
table類型，session信息，第三方模塊lua-resty-session提供的變量
TIME
string類型，hour:minute:second
TIME_DAY
number類型，天(1-31)
TIME_EPOCH
number類型，時間戳，seconds since 1970
TIME_HOUR
number類型，小時(0-23)
TIME_MIN
number類型，分鐘(0-59)
TIME_MON
number類型，月份(1-12)
TIME_SEC
number類型，秒(0-59)
TIME_WDAY
number類型，周(0-6)
TIME_YEAR
number類型，年份，four-digit，例如: 1997
TIME_LOCAL
string類型，當前時間，例如: 26/Aug/2016:01:32:16 -0400
TX
table類型，用于存儲當前請求信息的變量，作用域僅僅是當前請求
UNIQUE_ID
string類型，ID標識，隨機生成的字符串，可通過配置來控制隨機字符串的長度
UPSTREAM_CACHE_STATUS
keeps the status of accessing a response cache (0.8.3). The status can be either “MISS”, “BYPASS”, “EXPIRED”, “STALE”, “UPDATING”, “REVALIDATED”, or “HIT”.
USERID
string類型，從接入規(guī)則配置得到的用于ID標識
Transformation Functions
- base64_decode
- sql_hex_decode
- base64_encode
- counter
- [compress_whitespace ](#compress_whitespace )
- hex_decode
- hex_encode
- html_decode
- length
- lowercase
- md5
- normalise_path
- remove_nulls
- remove_whitespace
- replace_comments
- remove_comments_char
- remove_comments
- uri_decode
- uri_encode
- sha1
- trim_left
- trim
- trim
base64_decode
Decodes a Base64-encoded string.
Note: 注意transform的執(zhí)行順序
例如：
{
"id": "xxxx",
...
"transform": ["base64_decode", "lowercase"],
...
}
先執(zhí)行base64解碼，然后字符串最小化，若順序調換，會影響結果sql_hex_decode
Decode sql hex data.
base64_encode
Encodes input string using Base64 encoding.
counter
計數(shù)，相當于modsecurity中的'&'符號
compress_whitespace
Converts any of the whitespace characters (0x20, \f, \t, \n, \r, \v, 0xa0) to spaces (ASCII 0x20), compressing multiple consecutive space characters into one.
hex_decode
Decodes a string that has been encoded using the same algorithm as the one used in hexEncode
hex_encode
Encodes string (possibly containing binary characters) by replacing each input byte with two hexadecimal characters.
html_decode
Decodes the characters encoded as HTML entities.
length
Looks up the length of the input string in bytes
lowercase
Converts all characters to lowercase
md5
Calculates an MD5 hash from the data in input. The computed hash is in a raw binary form and may need encoded into text to be printed (or logged). Hash functions are commonly used in combination with hex_encode (for example: "transform": ["md5", "hex_encode").
normalise_path
Removes multiple slashes, directory self-references, and directory back-references (except when at the beginning of the input) from input string.
remove_nulls
Removes all NUL bytes from input
remove_whitespace
Removes all whitespace characters from input.
移除空白字符\s，包含水平定位字符 ('\t')、歸位鍵('\r')、換行('\n')、垂直定位字符('\v')或翻頁('\f')等
replace_comments
用一個空格代替/.../注釋內容
remove_comments_char
Removes common comments chars (/, /, --, #).
remove_comments
去掉/.../注釋內容
uri_decode
Unescape str as an escaped URI component.
例如:
"b%20r56+7" 使用uri_decode轉換后為 b r56 7uri_encode
Escape str as a URI component.
sha1
Calculates a SHA1 hash from the input string. The computed hash is in a raw binary form and may need encoded into text to be printed (or logged). Hash functions are commonly used in combination with hex_encode (for example, "transform": ["sha1", "hex_encode"]).
trim_left
Removes whitespace from the left side of the input string.
trim_right
Removes whitespace from the right side of the input string.
trim
Removes whitespace from both the left and right sides of the input string.
Operators
- begins_with
- contains
- contains_word
- detect_sqli
- detect_xss
- ends_with
- equal
- greater_eq
- greater
- ip_utils
- less_eq
- less
- pf
- regex
- str_match
- validate_url_encoding
- num_range
- str_range
begins_with
Returns true if the parameter string is found at the beginning of the input.
contains
Returns true if the parameter string is found anywhere in the input.
operator為contains且pattern為數(shù)組，相當于modsecurity的pm
PS: modsecurity的pm忽略大小寫，OpenWAF中contains不忽略大小寫
例如:
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "contains",
"pattern": ["abc", "def"],
...
}contains_word
Returns true if the parameter string (with word boundaries) is found anywhere in the input.
detect_sqli
This operator uses LibInjection to detect SQLi attacks.
detect_xss
This operator uses LibInjection to detect XSS attacks.
ends_with
Returns true if the parameter string is found at the end of the input.
equal
Performs a string comparison and returns true if the parameter string is identical to the input string.
相當于modsecurity的eq和streq
例如:
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "equal",
"pattern": [12345, "html", "23456"]
...
}greater_eq
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is greater than or equal to the provided parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
greater
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is greater than the operator parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
ip_utils
Performs a fast ipv4 or ipv6 match of REMOTE_ADDR variable data. Can handle the following formats:
Full IPv4 Address: 192.168.1.100 Network Block/CIDR Address: 192.168.1.0/24 IPv4 Address Region: 1.1.1.1-2.2.2.2
ip_utils與pf的組合相當于modsecurity中的ipMatchF和ipMatchFromFile
例如:
規(guī)則如下：
{
"id": "xxxx",
...
"operator": "ip_utils",
"pf": "/tmp/ip_blacklist.txt",
...
}
"/tmp/ip_blacklist.txt"文件內容如下：
192.168.1.100
192.168.1.0/24
1.1.1.1-2.2.2.2less_eq
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is less than or equal to the operator parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
less
Performs numerical comparison and returns true if the input value is less than to the operator parameter.
return false, if a value is provided that cannot be converted to a number.
pf
pattern是operator操作的參數(shù)
pf是指pattern from file，與pattern互斥（二者不可同時出現(xiàn)），目前僅支持絕對路徑
pf與contains組合，相當于modsecurity的pmf或pmFromFile
pf與ip_utils組合，相當于modsecurity的ipMatchF或ipMatchFromFile
regex
Performs a regular expression match of the pattern provided as parameter.
regex還有modecurity的capture捕獲功能
modsecurity有關capture的描述如下： When used together with the regular expression operator (@rx), the capture action will create copies of the regular expression captures and place them into the transaction variable collection.
OpenWAF中無capture指令，但使用regex默認開啟capture功能
例如:
{
"id": "000031",
"release_version": "858",
"charactor_version": "001",
"opts": {
"nolog": false
},
"phase": "access",
"action": "deny",
"meta": 403,
"severity": "low",
"rule_name": "protocol.reqHeader.c",
"desc": "協(xié)議規(guī)范性約束，檢測含有不合規(guī)Range或Request-Range值的HTTP請求",
"match": [
{
"vars": [
{
"var": "REQUEST_HEADERS",
"parse": {
"specific": "Range"
}
},
{
"var": "REQUEST_HEADERS",
"parse": {
"specific": "Request-Range"
}
}
],
"operator": "regex",
"pattern": "(\\d+)\\-(\\d+)\\,"
},
{
"vars": [{
"var": "TX",
"parse": {
"specific": "2"
}
}],
"operator": "greater_eq",
"pattern": "%{TX.1}",
"parse_pattern": true,
"op_negated": true
}
]
}str_match
等同于contains
validate_url_encoding
Validates the URL-encoded characters in the provided input string.
num_range
判斷是否在數(shù)字范圍內
它與transform的length組合，相當于modsecurity的validateByteRange
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "num_range",
"pattern": [10, "13", "32-126"],
"transform": "length",
...
}str_range
判斷是否在字符串范圍內
例如時間區(qū)間判斷:
{
"id": "xxx",
...
"operator": "str_range",
"pattern": ["01:42:00-04:32:00"],
...
}Others
- allow
- deny
- id
- nolog
- op_negated
- parse
- pass
- phase
- proxy_cache
- redirect
- charactor_version
- severity
- setvar
- meta
- transform
- tag
- release_version
- robot
- add_resp_headers
allow
Stops rule processing of the current phase on a successful match and allows the transaction to proceed.
"action": "allow"deny
Stops rule processing and intercepts transaction.
"action": "deny",
"meta": 403id
Stops rule processing and intercepts transaction.
"id": "xxxxxxx"nolog
不記錄日志
"opts": {
"nolog": true
}op_negated
對operator結果的取反
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "HTTP_USER_AGENT"
}],
"transform": "length",
"operator": "less_eq",
"pattern": 50,
"op_negated": true
}]
等價于
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "HTTP_USER_AGENT"
}],
"transform": "length",
"operator": "greater",
"pattern": 50
}]
若請求頭中user_agent字段長度大于50，則匹配中此條規(guī)則parse
對變量進一步解析
若請求GET http://www.baidu.com?name=miracle&age=5
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET"
}]，
...
}]
得到的值為{"name": "miracle", "age": "5"}
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"specific": "name"
}
}]
}]
得到的值為["miracle"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"specific": ["name", "age"]
}
}]
}]
得到的值為["miracle", "5"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"ignore": "name"
}
}]
}]
得到的值為{"age": "5"}
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"ignore": ["name", "age"]
}
}]
}]
得到的值為[]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"keys": true
}
}]
}]
得到的值為["name", "age"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"values": true
}
}]
}]
得到的值為["miracle", "5"]
"match": [{
"vars": [{
"var": "ARGS_GET",
"parse": {
"all": true
}
}]
}]
得到的值為["name", "age", "miracle", "5"]pass
Continues processing with the next rule in spite of a successful match.
"action": "pass"phase
規(guī)則執(zhí)行的階段，取值可為"access","header_filter","body_filter"的組合
{
"id": "xxx_01",
"phase": "access",
...
}
"xxx_01"規(guī)則在access階段執(zhí)行
{
"id": "xxx_02",
"phase": ["access", "header_filter"],
...
}
"xxx_02規(guī)則在access階段和"header_filter"階段各執(zhí)行一次proxy_cache
{
...
phase = "header_filter", -- 緩存開關需在header_filter階段配置
action = "pass", -- 無需攔截請求
opts = {
nolog = true, -- 不需記錄日志
proxy_cache = {
state = true|false, -- 緩存開關
expired = 600 -- 緩存時長（單位秒）,默認600秒
}
}
...
}
若state為true，且得到的緩存狀態(tài)為"MISS"或"EXPIRED"，則對響應內容進行緩存，同時設置緩存時長
若state為false，則清除對應緩存鍵的緩存（包含其緩存文件）舉例如下：
## nginx.conf 有關proxy cache 配置如下
http {
proxy_cache_path /opt/cache/OpenWAF-proxy levels=2:2 keys_zone=twaf_cache:101m max_size=100m use_temp_path=off;
proxy_cache_key $host$uri;
proxy_cache twaf_cache;
proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie;
proxy_no_cache $twaf_cache_flag;
server {
set $twaf_cache_flag 1; #默認不緩存
}
}
## lua 格式 配置
{
id = "test_x01", -- id 全局唯一
opts = {
nolog = true,
proxy_cache = {
state = true,
expired = 300
}
},
phase = "header_filter",
action = "pass",
match = {{
vars = {{
var = "URI"
},{
var = "REQUEST_HEADERS",
parse = {
specific = "Referer"
}
}},
operator = "equal",
pattern = {"/xampp/", "%{SCHEME}://%{HTTP_HOST}/xampp/"},
parse_pattern = true
}}
}
此規(guī)則將緩存URI為'/xampp/'的頁面，更新時間為300秒
若match中過濾條件為響應碼，則相當于Nginx的proxy_cache_valid指令
若match中過濾條件為請求方法，則相當于Nginx的proxy_cache_methods指令
若macth中過濾條件為資源類型，則相當于Nginx的proxy_cache_content_type指令
PS: proxy_cache_content_type指令為官方指令，是miracle Qi修改Nginx源碼擴展的功能redirect
"action": "redirect",
"meta": "/index.html"charactor_version
指定此條規(guī)則的版本，同modsecurity中Action的rev功能
"charactor_version": "001"severity
Assigns severity to the rule in which it is used.
The data below is used by the OWASP ModSecurity Core Rule Set (CRS):
EMERGENCY: is generated from correlation of anomaly scoring data where there is an inbound attack and an outbound leakage. ALERT: is generated from correlation where there is an inbound attack and an outbound application level error. CRITICAL: Anomaly Score of 5. Is the highest severity level possible without correlation. It is normally generated by the web attack rules (40 level files). ERROR: Error - Anomaly Score of 4. Is generated mostly from outbound leakage rules (50 level files). WARNING: Anomaly Score of 3. Is generated by malicious client rules (35 level files). NOTICE: Anomaly Score of 2. Is generated by the Protocol policy and anomaly files. INFO DEBUG
也可自定義嚴重等級，如:low，medium，high，critical等
"severity": "high"setvar
Creates, removes, or updates a variable.
{
"id": "xxx_01",
"opts":{
"nolog": false,
"setvar": [{
"column": "TX",
"key": "score",
"value": 5,
"incr": true
}]
},
...
}
"xxx_01"規(guī)則中，給變量TX中score成員的值加5，若TX中無score成員，則初始化為0，再加5
{
"id": "xxx_02",
"opts":{
"nolog": false,
"setvar": [{
"column": "TX",
"key": "score",
"value": 5
}]
},
...
}
"xxx_02"規(guī)則中，給變量TX中score成員的值賦為5meta
"action"的附屬信息
若"action"為"deny"，則"meta"為響應碼
"action": "deny",
"meta": 403
若"action"為"redirect"，則"meta"為重定向地址
"action": "redirect",
"meta": "/index.html"transform
This action is used to specify the transformation pipeline to use to transform the value of each variable used in the rule before matching.
tag
Assigns a tag (category) to a rule.
支持數(shù)組 "tag": ["xxx_1", "xxx_2"]
支持字符串 "tag": "xxx_3"release_version
規(guī)則集版本，等同于modsecurity中Action的ver功能
"release_version": "858"robot
人機識別
需提前配置人機識別模塊配置，此功能暫未放開
"action": "robot"add_resp_headers
增刪改響應頭
例如隱藏server字段:
"opts": {
"add"_resp_headers": {
"server": ""
}
}
更多建議：