在前幾章節(jié)中,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)會了如果在一張表中讀取數(shù)據(jù),這是相對簡單的,但是在真正的應(yīng)用中經(jīng)常需要從多個數(shù)據(jù)表中讀取數(shù)據(jù)。
本章節(jié)我們將向大家介紹如何使用 MySQL 的 JOIN 在兩個或多個表中查詢數(shù)據(jù)。
你可以在SELECT, UPDATE 和 DELETE 語句中使用 Mysql 的 JOIN 來聯(lián)合多表查詢。
JOIN 按照功能大致分為如下三類:
本章節(jié)使用的數(shù)據(jù)庫結(jié)構(gòu)及數(shù)據(jù)下載:W3CSCHOOL.sql。
我們在W3CSCHOOL數(shù)據(jù)庫中有兩張表 tcount_tbl 和 w3cschool_tbl。兩張數(shù)據(jù)表數(shù)據(jù)如下:
嘗試以下實例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | NULL | | Jen | NULL | | Gill | 20 | | John Poul | 1 | | Sanjay | 1 | +-----------------+----------------+ 6 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> SELECT * from w3cschool_tbl; +-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_title | w3cschool_author | submission_date | +-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | 1 | Learn PHP | John Poul | 2007-05-24 | | 2 | Learn MySQL | Abdul S | 2007-05-24 | | 3 | JAVA Tutorial | Sanjay | 2007-05-06 | +-------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
接下來我們就使用MySQL的INNER JOIN(也可以省略 INNER 使用 JOIN,效果一樣)來連接以上兩張表來讀取w3cschool_tbl表中所有w3cschool_author字段在tcount_tbl表對應(yīng)的w3cschool_count字段值:
mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-----------+---------------+--------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------+---------------+--------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-----------+---------------+--------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
以上 SQL 語句等價于:
mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a, tcount_tbl b WHERE a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql>
MySQL left join 與 join 有所不同。 MySQL LEFT JOIN 會讀取左邊數(shù)據(jù)表的全部數(shù)據(jù),即便右邊表無對應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。
嘗試以下實例,以 w3cschool_tbl 為左表,tcount_tbl 為右表,理解MySQL LEFT JOIN的應(yīng)用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a LEFT JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 2 | Abdul S | NULL | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上實例中使用了LEFT JOIN,該語句會讀取左邊的數(shù)據(jù)表w3cschool_tbl的所有選取的字段數(shù)據(jù),即便在右側(cè)表tcount_tbl中沒有對應(yīng)的w3cschool_author字段值。
MySQL RIGHT JOIN 會讀取右邊數(shù)據(jù)表的全部數(shù)據(jù),即便左邊邊表無對應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)。
嘗試以下實例,以 tcount_tbl 為左表,w3cschool_tbl 為右表,理解MySQL RIGHT JOIN的應(yīng)用:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; Enter password:******* mysql> use W3CSCHOOL; Database changed mysql> SELECT b.w3cschool_id, b.w3cschool_author, a.w3cschool_count FROM tcount_tbl a RIGHT JOIN w3cschool_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author; +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_id | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ | 1 | John Poul | 1 | | 2 | Abdul S | NULL | | 3 | Sanjay | 1 | +-------------+-----------------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
以上實例中使用了 RIGHT JOIN,該語句會讀取右邊的數(shù)據(jù)表 w3cschool_tbl 的所有選取的字段數(shù)據(jù),即便在左側(cè)表tcount_tbl中沒有對應(yīng)的w3cschool_author字段值。
PHP 中使用mysql_query()函數(shù)來執(zhí)行SQL語句,你可以使用以上的相同的SQL語句作為mysql_query()函數(shù)的參數(shù)。
嘗試如下實例:
<?php
$dbhost = 'localhost:3036';
$dbuser = 'root';
$dbpass = 'rootpassword';
$conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass);
if(! $conn )
{
die('Could not connect: ' . mysql_error());
}
$sql = 'SELECT a.w3cschool_id, a.w3cschool_author, b.w3cschool_count FROM w3cschool_tbl a INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.w3cschool_author = b.w3cschool_author';
mysql_select_db('W3CSCHOOL');
$retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn );
if(! $retval )
{
die('Could not get data: ' . mysql_error());
}
while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, MYSQL_ASSOC))
{
echo "Author:{$row['w3cschool_author']} <br> ".
"Count: {$row['w3cschool_count']} <br> ".
"Tutorial ID: {$row['w3cschool_id']} <br> ".
"--------------------------------<br>";
}
echo "Fetched data successfully\n";
mysql_close($conn);
?>
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