登錄功能是很多web應(yīng)用的最基礎(chǔ)功能，所以很多應(yīng)用都需要先實(shí)現(xiàn)登錄功能才能繼續(xù)往后開發(fā)。今天我們來介紹一下怎么python怎么用flask基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)來實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡單的登陸功能。讓我們一邊看登錄功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)代碼一邊學(xué)習(xí)登錄功能的設(shè)計(jì)吧。
0x01路由
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__) # flask對象實(shí)例化
@app.route('/index') #定義首頁
@app.route('/') #設(shè)置默認(rèn)index
def index():
return 'hello world!'
@app.route('/home/<string:username>') # 生成home路由,單一傳參
def home(username):
print(username)
return '<h1>歡迎回家</h1>'
@app.route('/main/<string:username>/<string:password>') #多個(gè)參數(shù)傳遞
def main(username,password):
print(username)
print(password)
return '<h1>welcome</h1>'
def about():
return 'about page'
app.add_url_rule(rule='/about',view_func=about) #另一種添加路由的方式
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.debug = True #開啟debug模式
app.run()0x02 模版和靜態(tài)文件
2.1 文件結(jié)構(gòu)
2.2代碼
#app.py
#app.py
from flask import Flask,render_template #倒入模版
app = Flask(__name__) #聲明模版文件夾
@app.route(('/index'))
def index():
return render_template('index.html') #返回模版
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello hello</h1>
<img src="https://atts.w3cschool.cn/attachments/1.png">
</body>
</html>2.3 運(yùn)行效果
0x03 json
from flask import Flask,jsonify
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def index():
user = {'name':'李三','password':'123'}
return jsonify(user)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)3.1運(yùn)行效果
0x04 重定向
4.1 訪問跳轉(zhuǎn)
from flask import Flask, redirect #導(dǎo)入跳轉(zhuǎn)模塊
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
return redirect('https://www.baidu.com') #指定跳轉(zhuǎn)路徑，訪問/index目錄即跳到百度首頁
@app.route('/home')
def home():
return 'home page'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)4.2 打印路由
from flask import Flask,url_for #導(dǎo)入模塊
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
return 'test'
@app.route('/home')
def home():
print(url_for('index')) 打印 index路由
return 'home page'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)
4.3 跳轉(zhuǎn)傳參
# 訪問home，將name帶入index并顯示在頁面
from flask import Flask,url_for,redirect #導(dǎo)入模塊
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/index<string:name>')
def index(name):
return 'test %s' % name
@app.route('/home')
def home():
return redirect(url_for('index',name='admin'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)0x05 jinjia2模版
5.1代碼
from flask import Flask,render_template #倒入模版
app = Flask(__name__) #聲明模版文件夾
@app.route(('/index'))
def index():
user = 'admin'
data = ['111',2,'李三']
userinfo = {'username':'lisan','password':'12333'}
return render_template('index.html',user=user,data=data,userinfo=userinfo) #返回模版,傳入數(shù)據(jù)
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>11111</h1>
{{user}}
{{data}} #直接傳入
{% if user == 'admin'%} #簡單邏輯判斷
<h1 style="color:red">管理員</h1>
{% else %}
<h1 style="color:green">普通用戶</h1>
{% endif %}
<hr>
{% for item in data %} # for循環(huán)
<li>{{item}}</li>
{% endfor %}
<hr>
{{ userinfo['username'] }}
{{ userinfo['password'] }}
<hr>
{{ user | upper }} #字母大寫（更多可查閱jinjia2過濾器）
</body>
</html>5.2 運(yùn)行效果
0x06 藍(lán)圖
目的是為了更好的細(xì)分功能模塊
6.1代碼結(jié)構(gòu)
├── admin
│ └── admin.py
└── app.py6.2 代碼
#admin.py
from flask import Blueprint 導(dǎo)入藍(lán)圖模塊
admin = Blueprint('admin',__name__,url_prefix='/admin') #對象實(shí)例化，url_prefix添加路由前綴，表示若想訪問本頁相關(guān)路由，只能通過形如 xxx/admin/login 訪問，不能 xxx/login訪問
@admin.route('/register')
def register():
return '歡迎注冊'
@admin.route('/login')
def login():
return '歡迎登錄'#app.py
from flask import Flask
from admin.admin import admin as admin_blueprint # 導(dǎo)入藍(lán)圖
app = Flask(__name__) #聲明模版文件夾
app.register_blueprint(admin_blueprint) #注冊藍(lán)圖
@app.route(('/index'))
def index():
return 'index page'
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)0x07 登錄
7.1結(jié)構(gòu)
7.2代碼
#web.py
from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,flash,url_for,session
from os import urandom
app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = urandom(50)
@app.route('/index')
def index():
if not session.get('user'):
flash('請登錄后操作','warning')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
return render_template('index.html')
@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
return render_template('login.html')
elif request.method == 'POST':
username = request.form.get('username')
password = request.form.get('password')
if username == 'admin' and password == '888888':
flash('登錄成功','success')
session['user'] = 'admin'
return redirect(url_for('index'))
else:
flash('登錄失敗','danger')
return redirect(url_for('login'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(debug=True)# index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://atts.w3cschool.cn/attachments/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>歡迎你，管理員</h1>
{% for color, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True) %}
<div class="alert alert-{{color}} alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<p>{{message}}</p>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>#login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>login</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" integrity="sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu" crossorigin="anonymous">
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://atts.w3cschool.cn/attachments/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/login" method="post">
<div class='form-group'>
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="請輸入用戶名" class="form-control">
</div>
<div class='form-group'>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="請輸入密碼" class="form-control">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="submit" value= "submit" class="btn btn-primary">
</div>
</form>
{% for color, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True) %}
<div class="alert alert-{{color}} alert-dismissible" role="alert">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<p>{{message}}</p>
</div>
{% endfor %}
</body>
</html>7.3實(shí)現(xiàn)效果
7.3.1未登錄默認(rèn)跳轉(zhuǎn)到登錄頁面
7.3.2登錄成功跳轉(zhuǎn)到index頁面
賬戶密碼：admin/888888
7.3.2登錄失敗效果
到此這篇Python Flask基礎(chǔ)到登錄功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)Python Flask學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容請搜索W3Cschool以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章。
